“隐默”抑或“明晰”——迈克尔·波兰尼与罗伯特·布兰顿关于人类认知的“哲学对话”  

“Implicit”or“Explicit”:Michael Polanyi and Robert Brandom’s“Philosophical Dialogue”on Human Cognition

作　　者：徐陶[1] XU Tao(Department of Philosophy,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学哲学系,长沙410083

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2022年第10期29-35,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：关于“人类认知在根本上是明晰的还是隐默的”这一问题,认识论隐含着“隐默主义”和“明晰主义”两种路径。波兰尼认为,明晰知识是一种幻象,精确知识必然包含着不能被清晰阐明的个人化的隐默认知因素;而布兰顿认为,隐默认知可以被表达和阐明,我们的知识最终是明晰的。两位哲学家关于认知的划界、明晰认知与隐默认知的关系、认知的社会维度、认知的对象等共同议题提出了异中有同的观点,这两种哲学立场的会通将构建更为圆融的认识论体系。On the question of“whether human cognition is explicit or implicit fundamentally”,epistemology implies two paths of“tacitism”and“explicism”.Polanyi believes that explicit knowledge is an illusion,and accurate knowledge must contain personalized implicit cognitive factors that cannot be clearly specified;Brandom believes that implicit cognition can be expressed and specified,and our knowledge is finally explicit.The two philosophers put forward the discrepant point of view on the common issues such as the demarcation of cognition,the relationship between explicit cognition and implicit cognition,the social dimension of cognition and the object of cognition.The convergence of these two philosophical positions will build a more integrated epistemological system.

关 键 词：迈克尔·波兰尼 罗伯特·布兰顿 隐默认知 明晰认知 

分 类 号：B15[哲学宗教—世界哲学]