赤拟谷盗气调辐照复合处理技术初探  

Preliminary investigation on the combination of modified atmosphere and irradiation treatment of Tribolium castaneum(Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae)

作　　者：韩欣 孙滔 赵卿颖 刘波[1] 陈乃中[1] 李丽[1] 李志红[2] 詹国平[1] Han Xin;Sun Tao;Zhao Qingying;Liu Bo;Chen Naizhong;Li Li;Li Zhihong;Zhan Guoping(Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,Beijing 100193,China;College of Plant Protection,China Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京100123 [2]中国农业大学植物保护学院

出　　处：《植物检疫》2022年第6期14-19,共6页Plant Quarantine

基　　金：中国检验检疫科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020JK032);国家市场监督管理总局食品储运生物污染控制专项(2021)。

摘　　要：赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum Herbst)是一种常见的仓储害虫,繁殖迅速、危害严重,如导致面粉结块、异味以至不能食用。气调处理作为一种环境友好型溴甲烷替代处理技术,目前已用于检疫和装运前处理。为确定赤拟谷盗检疫处理技术指标,以卵、低、中、老熟幼虫、蛹和成虫为对象,在室温(26~28℃)条件下测试其在1%、2%和4%低氧环境(N_(2)平衡)下的死亡率,数据经方差分析、机率值分析及其LT99致死剂量比率比较,耐受性顺序为:蛹>老熟幼虫>中幼虫≥成虫>低幼虫≥卵;蛹为最耐受虫态,其LT_(99)值分别为5.3(5.0~5.7)d、5.5(5.3~5.7)d,和15.5(14.8~16.3)d。蛹经150 Gy X-射线辐照后再进行4%O_(2)气调处理,LT_(99)值为13.0(11.8,14.8)d,计算致死剂量的协同比率为1.12~1.19,表明气调与辐照处理间存在协同增效作用。在26~28℃气调环境下,预测蛹的致死时间LT_(99.9968)分别为7.2 d(1%),7.3 d(2%),22.5 d(4%)和19.9 d(4%+150 Gy),建议分别处理8、8、23、20 d作为赤拟谷盗检疫处理的技术指标。The red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum Herbst,is a common storage insect that reproduces rapidly and causes serious damage to stored products,such as powder caking,unpleasant smell and even inedibility.The modified atmosphere(MA)treatment,accepted as a kind of phytosanitary measure,is regarded as an environmentally friendly alternative to methyl bromide for quarantine and pre-shipment uses.In order to develop the technical schedule for controlling T.castaneum,all the stages were treated at room temperature(26-28℃)under 1%,2% and 4% O_(2) atmosphere(N_(2)balance).To compare the tolerance to MA treatment,the mortality data were analyzed by variance analysis,probit analysis,and pare-wise comparison test of lethal dose ratios of LT_(99)(the estimated minimum time achieving an efficacy of 99% mortality at 95% confidence level).The sequence of the tolerance to MA was:pupa>late-stage larva>middle-stage larva≥adult>young-stage larva≥egg;the pupae was defined as the most tolerant stage.The estimated LT_(99) values were 5.3(5.0-5.7)d,5.5(5.3-5.7)d and 15.5(14.8-16.3)d when pupae were respectively treated under 1%,2% and 4% O_(2)atmosphere.But the LT99was 13.0(11.8,14.8)d when the pupae were firstly irradiated with X-rays at the dose of 150 Gy and then treated with 4% O_(2)MA.The synergistic ratio calculated was 1.12-1.19,indicating that the MA and irradiation showed the synergistic effect.In addition,the estimated LT_(99.9968) is 7.2 d(1%),7.4 d(2%),22.5 d(4%)and 19.9 d(4%+150Gy),therefore,8 d,8 d,23 d and 20 d respectively,may be recommended as the minimum lethal time for phytosanitary treatment of the red flour beetle infested in products.

关 键 词：赤拟谷盗 气调 辐照 复合处理 协同作用 

分 类 号：S433.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]