种间距对不同结瘤特性套作大豆根瘤生长及固氮潜力的影响  

Effects of row spacing on root nodule growth and nitrogen fixation potential of different nodulation characteristics soybeans in intercropping

作　　者：刘姗姗 庞婷[1] 袁晓婷 罗凯 陈平[1] 付智丹 王小春[1] 杨峰[1] 雍太文[1] 杨文钰[1] LIU Shan-Shan;PANG Ting;YUAN Xiao-Ting;LUO Kai;CHEN Ping;FU Zhi-Dan;WANG Xiao-Chun;YANG Feng;YONG Tai-Wen;YANG Wen-Yu(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心,四川成都611130

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第3期833-844,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(大豆,CARS-04-PS20);国家自然科学基金项目(31671625)资助。

摘　　要：为充分挖掘套作大豆的固氮潜力,本试验以玉米/大豆带状套作系统为对象,研究了不同玉豆间距(30 cm、45 cm、60 cm和75 cm)下不同结瘤特性大豆品种(贡选1号、桂夏3号和南豆25号)的根瘤生长及固氮潜力差异。结果表明,与单作相比,带状套作可延缓大豆根瘤数目和鲜重峰值出现的时间:玉豆间距60 cm处理下,各品种大豆根瘤数目和鲜重显著高于其他间距处理,并在达到峰值期后高于单作大豆;品种间表现为:南豆25号>桂夏3号>贡选1号。带状套作相对于单作会降低始粒期(R5)前大豆根瘤的单株固氮潜力,但玉豆间距60 cm处理下,R5期贡选1号、桂夏3号和南豆25号的单株固氮潜力2年平均较单作提高8.53%、16.40%和13.70%。不同大豆品种根瘤侵染细胞内含物积累过程差异较大,相较单作,玉豆间距60cm处理下,R5期类菌体数量增多,其中聚-β-羟基丁酸盐颗粒(PHB)增加,以南豆25号表现最优。因此,带状套作下适宜的种间距(玉豆间距60cm)可增加R5期大豆根瘤数目和鲜重,提高大豆根瘤类菌体和PHB的数量,增强大豆根瘤的固氮潜力,以强结瘤品种南豆25号效果最好。To exploit the difference of root nodule growth and nitrogen fixation potential of soybean in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system,a two-year filed experiment with different nodulation characteristics soybean varieties(Gongxuan 1,Guixia 3,and Nandou 25)under different maize-soybean spacing(30,45,60,and 75 cm)was conducted.The results showed that the peaks of soybean nodule number and fresh weight were delayed under the intercropping system compared with soybean monoculture.The root nodule number and fresh weight of each variety under 60 cm were significantly higher than those of other spacing treatments,and were higher than those of monoculture soybean after reaching the peak stage.The differences among varieties were as follows:Nandou 25>Guixia 3>Gongxuan 1.Compared with soybean monoculture,nitrogen fixation potential of soybean nodules per plant before the beginning seed stage(R5)under intercropping mode was reduced.However,nitrogen fixation potential per plant of Gongxuan 1,Guixia 3,and Nandou 25 increased by 8.53%,16.40%,and 13.70%on average in two years under 60 cm at R5 stage.The accumulation process of inclusions in infected cells of different soybean varieties was quite different.Compared with soybean monoculture,the number of bacteroids increased under 60 cm at R5,among which poly-β-hydroxybutyrate(PHB)increased,and Nandou 25 was the best.Therefore,to improve the number of soybean nodule bacteroids,PHB and nitrogen fixation potential the appropriate inter-plant row spacing(60 cm)under intercropping can increase soybean nodule number and fresh weight at R5 stage,and Nandou 25 with strong nodulation had the best effect.

关 键 词：玉米/大豆带状套作 种间距 结瘤特性 根瘤生长 超微结构 固氮潜力 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]