秸秆还田和增施氮肥对寒地水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning and Additional Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield in Cold Regions

作　　者：张巩亮 王宇先[1] 刘玉涛[1] 徐莹莹[1] 杨慧莹[1] 高盼[1] 王晨 ZHANG Gongliang;WANG Yuxian;LIU Yutao;XU Yingying;YANG Huiying;GAO Pan;WANG Chen(Qiqihar Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2023年第1期8-12,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题(XDA28130504);国家农业环境齐齐哈尔观测实验站(NAES058AE10)。

摘　　要：为探究秸秆还田与合理的施氮模式对寒地水稻产量及穗部性状的影响,以水稻品种齐粳2号为试验材料,采用秸秆还田和增施氮肥二因素完全随机试验设计,秸秆不还田(A1),秸秆还田(A2),即秸秆全量还田(0.054 kg·盆^(-1));常规施氮(B1,施氮比例为基肥∶分蘖肥∶调节肥∶穗肥=4∶3∶1∶2),分蘖肥增氮10%(B2),调节肥增氮10%(B3),穗肥增氮10%(B4)。以常规施氮作对照,就秸秆还田与增施氮肥处理对水稻干物质积累量,枝梗数,各部位穗粒数、结实率、千粒重等方面的影响进行了分析比较。结果表明:秸秆还田平均减产5.59%,增施氮肥水平间产量呈B3>B2>B4>B1,调节肥增氮10%(B3)处理较常规施氮(B1)增产14.61%,主要由于穗数、结实率、千粒重提高,同时干物质积累量也有所提高。In order to investigate the effects of straw return to the field and reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application on the yield and spik e traits of rice in cold regions,this experiment used rice variety Qigeng 2 as the test material,and adopted a two-factor completely randomized experimental design with straw return to the field and nitrogen fertilizer application.Straw was returned to the field at 2 levels,no straw(A1)and straw was returned to the field(A2),mean the full amount of straw was returned to the field(0.054 kg per pot);Nitrogen was added to the field at 4 levels,regular nitrogen application(B1 nitrogen application ratio∶basal fertiliser∶tiller fertiliser∶regulating f ertiliser∶spike fertiliser=4∶3∶1∶2),10%more nitrogen for tiller fertiliser(B2),10%more nitrogen for regulating fertiliser(B3)and 10%more nitrogen for spike fertiliser(B4).The effects of straw return and additional N fertilizer treatments on dry matter accumulation,number of branch stalks,number of grains in each part of the spike,fruit set rate and thousand grain weight of rice were analysed and compared with conventional N application as a control,with a view to providing a theoretical basis for efficient fertilization to improve rice yield under cold rice straw return.The results showed that the average yield reduction of 5.59%was achieved by returning the straw to the field,and the yield between the levels of additional N fertiliser was 10%for the regulating fertiliser(B3)>10%for the tiller fertiliser(B2)>10%for the spike fertiliser(B4)>conventional nitrogen application(B1),with the regulating fertiliser increasing by 14.61%compared to the conventional fertiliser,this was mainly due to an increase in the number of spikes,fruit set and thousand grain weight,as well as an increase in dry matter accumulation.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 增施氮肥 寒地水稻 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]