嘉靖初特大灾荒与明代地方备荒仓储体系的重构  

The Great Famine in the Early Jiajing Period and the Reconstruction of the Storage System in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：李秋芳 鞠明库 Li Qiufang;Ju Mingku

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学历史文化学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2022年第10期125-135,208,共12页Jiangxi Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“明代弭灾制度与国家治理研究”(19BZS049)、国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国历史上的灾害与国家治理能力建设研究”(20&ZD225);河南省高等学校哲学社会科学规划项目“明代河南农业地理研究”(2021BLS012)。

摘　　要：嘉靖初的持续特大旱灾及其关联的蝗灾、瘟疫等,引发严重饥荒和多地人食人惨剧。灾荒重压之下,国家赈济杯水车薪,地方预备仓独木难支,探索地方备荒仓储新形式、补充备灾救荒新力量成为迫切的时代需求。在这一背景下,明廷一方面再度重振预备仓政,一方面推广传统义仓社仓,地方备荒仓储体系开始由一仓独大发展到多仓并举,灾荒应对从独仓难支演变为多仓同济。同时,社仓大规模拓展并与乡约深度融合,有力推动了地方乡约乡治体系逐步形成和发展。嘉靖初特大灾荒犹如一支催化剂,促使了明中后期地方备荒仓储体系的重构,并开创了社会治理的新格局。At the beginning of Jiajing period,the continued extreme drought and its associated disasters had led to serious famine and even human cannibalism in many places.Under the heavy pressure of famine,it was difficult for national and local storage to meet the requirements.Therefore,exploring new forms of local reserve warehousing had become an urgent demand of the Times.Under this background,on the one hand,the Ming government revived the reserve warehouse policy again,on the other hand,it promoted the traditional charity warehouse.The local reserve warehouse system began to develop from a single warehouse to a multi warehouse system,and the disaster response evolved from a single warehouse to a multi warehouse system.At the same time,the large-scale expansion of the social warehouse and its deep integration with the village covenant strongly promoted the gradual formation and development of the local village covenant and township governance system.The great famine at the beginning of Jiajing,like a catalyst,promoted the reconstruction of the local famine storage system,and created the new pattern of social governance in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：嘉靖 灾荒 备荒仓储体系 

分 类 号：K248.2[历史地理—历史学]