基于卡尔曼滤波的太阳跟踪装置控制策略  

Research on Control Strategy of Sun Tracking Device Based on Kalman Filter

作　　者：李浩楠 李其轩 倪瓒 赵品 郑大林 原晓楠 LI Haonan;LI Qixuan;NI Zan;ZHAO Pin;ZHENG Dalin;YUAN Xiaonan(School of Electrical Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学电气工程学院,西安710049

出　　处：《实验室研究与探索》2022年第10期39-44,64,共7页Research and Exploration In Laboratory

基　　金：中国高等教育学会高等教育科学研究“十三五”规划课题项目(2019SYSZD09);2020年西安交通大学本科教学改革研究青年项目(2020SJZX05);2021国家级大学生创新创业训练项目(202110698024)。

摘　　要：复杂环境将导致光伏领域中传统太阳跟踪系统的跟踪性能和适用范围较差。为了解决该问题,首先设计一种可以检测太阳位置与转台法向偏差角度的硅光电池传感器,并采用多种传感器感知环境信息;其次基于不同的传感器、执行器和太阳跟踪方式的组合,建立太阳运动的状态方程和传感器系统的测量方程;最后将卡尔曼滤波算法引入太阳跟踪系统中,设计并研究增量控制的赤道式跟踪、增量控制的地平式跟踪、位置控制的赤道式跟踪和位置控制的地平式跟踪4种太阳跟踪装置的控制策略。通过MATLAB软件对控制策略进行仿真分析。结果表明,4种控制策略均可以有效消除视日运动跟踪的算法误差,克服光电跟踪在弱光条件下的不准确问题,具有更高的太阳跟踪精度,跟踪性能更佳,适用范围更广,能够有效提高光伏发电系统的发电效率。The complex environment leads to poor tracking performance and applicability of conventional solar tracking systems in the photovoltaic field.To solve this problem,firstly,a silicon photocell sensor that can detect the angle of deviation between the sun position and the normal direction of the turntable is designed,and a variety of additional sensors are used to sense the environmental information;Secondly the state equation of the sun motion and the measurement equation of the sensor system are established based on different combinations of sensors,actuators and sun tracking methods;Finally,the Kalman filter algorithm is introduced into the solar tracking system to design and study the control strategies of four solar tracking devices:incrementally controlled equatorial tracking,incrementally controlled geostrophic tracking,position-controlled equatorial tracking and position-controlled geostrophic tracking.Simulated and analyzed by MATLAB,the results show that all four control strategies can effectively eliminate the algorithmic errors of the apparent solar motion tracking,overcome the inaccuracy of photoelectric tracking under low light conditions,have higher solar tracking accuracy,better tracking performance and wider application range,and can effectively improve the power generation efficiency of the PV power generation system.

关 键 词：太阳跟踪系统 卡尔曼滤波 硅光电池传感器 控制策略 

分 类 号：TM930.2[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]