学校情景下儿童青少年身体活动与学校健康促进服务:WHO政策架构与内容分析  

Physical activity and school health promotion services for children and adolescents in school settings:WHO policy framework and content analysis

作　　者：徐建荣[1] 陈钢[1] XU Jianrong;CHEN Gang(School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences/Exercise Rehabilitation Research Center,Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215021,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学体育学院/运动康复研究中心,江苏苏州市215021

出　　处：《中国康复理论与实践》2022年第12期1390-1399,共10页Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(No.20YJA890001);国家社会科学基金项目(No.19BTY078)。

摘　　要：目的对学校情景下儿童青少年身体活动和健康促进学校相关政策进行系统分析,促进在学校情景下发展综合健康服务,融合身体活动。方法基于世界卫生组织(WHO)健康服务体系6大构成要素的理论,运用政策研究和内容分析的方法,具体分析学校情景下儿童身体活动与健康促进综合服务相关的政策架构和核心内容。在身体活动领域,WHO发布的核心文件主要涉及《2018-2030年促进身体活动全球行动计划:加强身体活动,造就健康世界》《WHO关于身体活动和久坐行为的指南》《一项促进身体活动的技术包》和《世卫组织欧洲区域的体育活动战略》。健康促进学校领域的政策文件包括《WHO关于学校健康服务指南》《让每一所学校都成为健康促进学校的全球标准与指标》和《让每一所学校都成为健康促进学校的实施指南》。在学校情景下促进身体活动的政策文件包括《通过学校促进体育活动:政策简介》和《通过学校促进身体活动:一个工具包》。结果在学校情景下,通过建设健康促进学校方法将身体活动融入学校健康服务,旨在将身体活动作为健康和发展战略,用教育和体育相结合的干预手段加快达成儿童青少年健康目标,帮助儿童青少年获得更多健康效益。在领导力和治理领域,需要完善政策框架,加强治理体系与治理能力;建立多领域伙伴合作关系;加强宣传和推广,营造氛围。在筹资领域,要确保充足资金,制定融资机制,提供财政奖励或补贴。在人力资源领域,要提供优质体育教育的培训,采用跨部门方法,让不同专业人员参与体育课程的设计。在服务提供领域,要建立全面、优质的学校身体活动服务提供体系。在学校环境与设备设施领域,提供适用于身体活动的基础设施,创建良好身体活动环境。在健康监测与评估系统领域,需要建立适当的监控机制,定期报告进展Objective To systematically analyze the policies of children and adolescents in schools for physical activity and healthpromoting schools,and promote the development of comprehensive health services and the integration of physical activity in school scenarios.Methods To analyze the policy framework and core content related to children’s physical activity and health promotion comprehensive services in the school context by using the methods of policy research and content analysis based on the theory of the six components of the World Health Organization(WHO)health service system.The key policy documents in the field of physical activity include the Global Action Plan for Physical Activity 2018-2030:Strengthening Physical Activity for a Healthy World;WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour;A Technical Package for Physical Activity and Physical Activity Strategy in the WHO European Region.The key documents in the field of health-promoting schools include the WHO Guidelines on School Health Services;Making Every School a Health-Promoting School:Global Standards and Indicators;and Making Every School a Health-Promoting School:Implementation Guidelines.Policy documents on promoting physical activity in school contexts include Promoting Physical Activity through Schools:A Policy Brief and Promoting Physical Activity through Schools:A Toolkit.Results In the school context,physical activity is integrated into school health services through the construction of health-promoting school methods,aiming to use physical activity as a health and development strategy,and use interventions that combine education and sports to accelerate the achievement of children’s and adolescents’health goals and help them obtain more health benefits.In the field of leadership and governance,it is necessary to improve the policy framework and strengthen the governance system and governance capacity;establish multidisciplinary partnerships;strengthen publicity and promotion to create the atmosphere.In the aspect of financ

关 键 词：身体活动 健康促进学校 儿童 青少年 健康 

分 类 号：R49[医药卫生—康复医学]