茂县大红袍花椒区域栽培特性研究  

Study on Regional Cultivation Characteristics of Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Maoxian County

作　　者：吴玉丹 张翔宇 何有信 吴宗兴[1] 宋小军[1] 熊量[1] 任君芳 王火元 许维宏 WU Yu-dan;ZHANG Xiang-yu;HE You-xin;WU Zong-xing;SONG Xiao-jun;XIONG Liang;REN Jun-fang;WANG Huo-yuan;XU Wei-hong(Sichuan Academy of Forestry Sciences,Chengdu 610081,China;Nanbu County Natural Resources and Planning Bureau,Nanbu 637300,China;Maoxian June Red Pepper Professional Cooperative,Maoxian 623200,China;Forestry Science and Technology Research Institute of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture,Wenchuan 623000,China;Mao County Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Maoxian623200,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省林业科学研究院,四川成都610081 [2]南部县自然资源和规划局,四川南部637300 [3]茂县六月红花椒专业合作社,四川茂县623200 [4]阿坝藏族羌族自治州林业科学技术研究所,四川汶川623000 [5]茂县林业和草原局,四川茂县623200

出　　处：《四川林勘设计》2022年第4期1-10,共10页Sichuan Forestry Exploration and Design

基　　金：四川省科技厅“优质茂县花椒标准化栽培及产业化示范成果转移转化”项目(2021ZHCG0031)。

摘　　要：采用定点定位栽培试验方法,以林龄8~12a生的茂县大红袍花椒优树为材料,于2021年4月1日至2022年9月连续18个月在茂县南新镇、凤仪镇、沟口镇、叠溪镇、赤不苏镇、土门镇观测记录分析不同栽培区域的物候期特征、生长习性、结果习性、果品商品价值和果实成分等。结果表明:(1)茂县大红袍花椒在茂县南新镇别立村海拔1490m的花椒萌芽、腺点突出、麻味物质积累量、生理期成熟期比茂县赤不苏镇四瓦村海拔2710m的花椒萌芽期提早约12d,花椒腺点膨大期提早约19d,花椒麻味物质大量积累提早约20d,花椒成熟期提早约22d。(2)茂县大红袍花椒低海拔的复叶和小叶比高海拔较长、小叶较厚,小叶重为0.25~0.27g。(3)茂县大红袍花椒结果母枝长度为30~55cm,结果母枝粗度为0.54~0.98cm,果枝数为6~11个,平均果穗长5.5~7.6cm,平均果穗宽5.4~6.5cm,每穗果粒数约为26~55个,果穗重量2.7~4.7g。平均纵横径为4.3mm×4.9mm、鲜果百粒重8.16~8.27g、干果千粒重17.12~17.21g,果实杂色度20%~45%。(4)茂县大红袍干花椒固有杂质为3.15%~3.35%,其中:闭眼椒的含量为0.30%~0.41%,椒籽的含量为1.50%~1.59%,果穗梗含量为1.25%~1.35%。(5)茂县大红袍花椒挥发油平均含量为7.30%~7.49%,麻味物质平均含量为12.45~3.35g/kg,柠檬烯平均含量为12.65~12.82g/kg,芳樟醇平均含量为37.63~37.69g/kg,生物碱平均含量为1.47~1.58g/kg。目前,茂县花椒最佳栽培区域为海拔1800~2400m,比30年前升高了约300m。(6)茂县大红袍花椒在茂县分布海拔为1490~2710m,海拔跨度达1220m,比30年前升高了约300m。With the method of fixed-point cultivation,the excellent trees of Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Maoxian County aged 8-12 years were used as materials,and the phenological characteristics,growth habits,fruit habits,commodity value of fruits,and fruit composition of different cultivation areas were observed and recorded in Nanxin Town,Fengyi Town,Goukou Town,Diexi Town,Chibusu Town,and Tumen Town of Maoxian County from April 1,2021 to September 2022 for 18 consecutive months.The results showed that:.(2)The compound leaves and leaflets of Maoxian Da-hongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum at low altitude were longer than those at high altitude,the leaflets were thicker,and the weight of leaflets was 0.25~0.27 g.(3)Maoxian Da-hongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum had a bearing branch length of 30~55 cm,a bearing branch thickness of 0.54~0.98 cm,6~11 fruit branches,an average ear length of 5.5~7.6 cm,an average ear width of 5.4~6.5 cm,about 26~55 fruit grains per ear,and an ear weight of 2.7~4.7 g.The average longitudinal and transverse diameter was 4.3 mm×4.9 mm,fresh fruit weight 8.16~8.27 g,dry fruit weight 17.12~17.21 g,fruit variegation 20%~45%.(4)The inherent impurities of Maoxian Dahongpao Dried Pep-per are 3.15%~3.35%,of which,the content of eye closing pepper was 0.30%~0.41%,the content of pepper seeds was 1.50%~1.59%,and the content of ear stems was 1.25%~1.35%.(5)The average content of volatile oil of Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Maoxian County was 7.30%~7.49%,the average content of numbing substances was 12.45~3.35 g/kg,the average content of limonene was 12.65~12.82 g/kg,the average content of linalool was 37.63~37.69 g/kg,and the average content of alkaloids was 1.47~1.58 g/kg.At present,the best cultivation area of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Maoxian County was 1800m~2400m,which was about 300m higher than that 30 years ago.(6)Maoxian Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum distributes in Maox-ian County at an altitude of 1490~2710 m,with an altitude span of 1220 m,which was about 300 m higher than that 30 years ago.

关 键 词：大红袍花椒 区域栽培 特性 

分 类 号：S573.9[农业科学—作物学]