从当前汉字使用情况调查看《现代汉语常用字表》  

Thoughts on adjustments of the“Commonly Used Modern Chinese Characters”:Proof from the research of currently used Chinese characters

作　　者：张艳梅 吕展 ZHANG Yanmei;LV Zhan(School of Foreign Languages,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430205,China;College of Chinese Language and Culture,Jinan University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510610,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学外语学院,湖北武汉430205 [2]暨南大学华文学院,广东广州510610

出　　处：《华文教学与研究》2022年第4期44-55,共12页TCSOL Studies

基　　金：2020年湖北省高等学校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“中华优秀汉字文化融入大中小学教育研究”(20ZD049)。

摘　　要：本文运用语料库语言学、计量语言学的方法,采用Python爬取语料,统计分析2021年《人民日报》与《光明日报》的用字情况,并和教育部国家语委、国家语言资源监测中心发布的《中国语言生活状况报告》(绿皮书)2011~2021共10余年《年度媒体用字总表》作比较,用当代汉字社会应用的实际情况说明,1988年发布的《现代汉语常用字表》和2013年发布的《通用规范汉字表》一级字表的3500常用字,数量需要精简、字种需要更新、分级需要细化。在此基础上,根据字频、覆盖率、共用字等统计分析,建议把现代汉字的常用字限定于2500个之内并进一步细化分级。The thesis is based on the method of corpus linguistics and quantitative linguistics. We obtain the corpus from the“People’s Daily”and“Guangming Daily”with Python and analyze the situation of commonly used Chinese characters. Then we compare“Glossary of Media Words in the Year”from 2011 to 2021,which is excerpted from“Language Situation in China”(also called “the Green Book”)published by National Committee on Linguistic Work and National Centre for Language Resource Testing. Based on all the work,we find that the 3500 commonly used Chinese characters should be simplified in quantity,renewed in types and more precise in classification,specifically in the list of“Commonly Used Modern Chinese Characters”issued in 1988 and the List of“General Specification Chinese Characters”,Level 1,issued in 2013. According to the analysis of frequency,coverage rate,and shared characters,we draw the conclusion that the number of commonly used characters should be refined to 2500,and we propose some other advice on the adjustment of the modern Chinese character list.

关 键 词：汉字 字频 字种 汉字效用 

分 类 号：H124.1[语言文字—汉语]