基于《等级标准》的语素教学框架构建  

On construction of morpheme-teaching framework based on“Grading Standards”

作　　者：杨玉玲 宋欢婕 YANG Yuling;SONG Huanjie(Teachers College of Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学教师教育学院,北京100083

出　　处：《华文教学与研究》2022年第4期56-66,共11页TCSOL Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“外向型汉语学习融媒词典的研发与创新研究”(22BYY159);北京语言大学校级项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(19ZDJ02);教育部语合中心一般项目“基于《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》的初等语法多模态教学资源建设研究”(YHJC21YB-131)。

摘　　要：《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》词汇量的增加使汉语词汇教学面临与语素教学密切相关的新课题。从宏观理念来看,增强语素意识是提高学习者自主扩大词汇量能力的重要手段,但同时语素教学又有其适用范围,不可推至极致。从中、微观的教材、大纲设计、词典编纂以及教学实践来说,我们提倡先采用定量的研究方法,通过对《等级标准》所收录的词语及其相关语素的构词能力、所构词的使用频率、语义透明度等方面的统计与分析来确定核心语素,再将这些语素按不同义项的常见构词门类有序地呈现于教材、大纲、词典及教学中。本文以案例的形式阐释了核心语素选取和呈现的原则以及具体实施办法,以期为语素教学的框架构建提供思路与方案。With the increase of vocabulary in“Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education”,the Chinese vocabulary teaching is faced with a new challenge closely related to the morpheme teaching. From a macroscopic perspective,enhancing the awareness of morphemes is an important means to improve learners’ ability to expand vocabulary independently,but at the same time,the morpheme teaching has its own scope of application,whose limitation should not be pushed to the extreme. From a microscopic perspective,the design of textbooks and syllabuses,lexicography and teaching practice,we recommend the quantitative research method should be taken so as to determine the core morphemes through a statistical analysis of the words in the“Grading Standards”,and focuses should be on related morphemes,wordformation possibilities,usage frequency of words formed,semantic transparency,etc. On such a basis,we then can present those morphemes in textbooks,syllabuses,dictionaries and teaching in an orderly manner according to the common wordformation categories of different meaning items. This paper explains the principles of selection and presentation of core morphemes and the specific implementation methods in the illustration of cases,attempting to provide thoughts and schemes for the framework construction of morpheme teaching.

关 键 词：《等级标准》 语素教学 自主扩大词汇量 定量研究 框架构建 

分 类 号：H195.3[语言文字—汉语]