Sigma-1受体对视网膜神经节细胞保护机制的研究进展  

Advances in neuroprotection of Sigma-1 receptor in retinal ganglion cell

作　　者：杨雪莉 毛俊峰[1] Xue-Li Yang;Jun-Feng Mao(Ophthalmology Center of Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,Changsha 410008,Hunan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅医院眼科中心眼科学湖南省重点实验室,湖南省长沙市410008

出　　处：《国际眼科杂志》2023年第1期71-74,共4页International Eye Science

摘　　要：视神经病变是一类以视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells,RGC)及轴突受损为主要特征的致盲性疾病,发病机制复杂且治疗手段有限。Sigma-1受体(Sigma-1 receptor,S1R)是一种内质网上的分子伴侣蛋白,视网膜中含量丰富,其中高表达于神经节细胞层。近年来,S1R作为神经退行性疾病的治疗靶点备受关注。越来越多研究表明S1R参与调节多种细胞功能,包括Ca^(2+)稳态、内质网应激反应、氧化应激反应、神经营养因子分泌和胶质细胞活化等,在神经退行性疾病中发挥神经保护作用。视觉系统中,研究发现激动S1R同样具有保护作用,可明显改善RGC丢失及功能减低,部分逆转损伤,维持结构完整;相反S1R缺陷则会恶化疾病进展或提高退行性疾病易感性。本文综述了S1R对视网膜中RGC的保护作用及其机制的研究进展,旨在深入了解其功能及机制,为视神经病变治疗提供新靶点。·With complicated pathogenesis and limited treatment options,optic neuropathy is one of the major blinding diseases characterized by damaged retinal ganglion cells(RGC)and axons.Sigma-1 receptor(S1 R)is a chaperone protein mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane,which is abundant in retina and highly expressed in the ganglion cell layer.S1 R has been noted increasingly as a novel target for the treatment of neuro-degenerations.More studies have shown that S1 R is a pluripotent modulator including Ca^(2+)homeostasis,endoplasmic reticulum stress response,oxidative stress response,neurotrophic factor secretion and glial cell activation,indicating that S1 R can generate significant impacts on neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases.Additionally,S1 R also has neuroprotective effects against RGC loss and dysfunction both in vivo and in vitro,reversing loss partially and maintaining structural integrity,while the absence of S1 R exacerbates the disease or increases vulnerability to degenerative diseases.This article intends to review the progress and mechanisms in neuroprotection of S1 R in RGC,aiming to provide a new target for the treatment of optic neuropathy.

关 键 词：Sigma-1受体 神经节细胞 神经保护 机制 综述 

分 类 号：R774.6[医药卫生—眼科]