重新审视中国农村寄宿学校:留守与非留守农村青少年的社会纽带、自我效能和学业表现  

Rethinking Rural Boarding Schools in China:Social Ties,Self Efficacy and Academic Performance of Left Behind and Non Left Behind Rural Teenagers

作　　者：钟华[1] 顾雨璇 萧卓立 郑慧婷[1] Zhong Hua;Gu Yuxuan;Xiao Zhuoli

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学社会学系,中国香港999077

出　　处：《湖北社会科学》2022年第12期41-50,共10页Hubei Social Sciences

摘　　要：随着我国经济的急速发展,大量农村父母迁移至城市务工,由此导致的农村留守儿童问题受到学界广泛关注。近年来,农村寄宿学校大量增加,这类寄宿学校中留守和非留守的农村青少年在学业表现上是否逐渐趋同?根据广东和湖南省农村寄宿学校1464名初中学生的问卷调查发现:在农村寄宿学校中,留守与非留守青少年的学业表现影响机制同时存在相似性和异质性。对于所有寄宿学生,参与常规活动和道德信念这两种社会纽带和自我效能越强,学习成绩越好。在留守与非留守差异方面,非留守学生学业表现更佳,且更易受到师生关系的正面影响;对于父母双方外出务工的留守儿童,更加依靠自我效能提高自身的学业表现;对于父母一方留乡陪伴的青少年,对父母的依恋反而显著降低他们的学业表现。研究表明,通过增强社会纽带(特别是参与常规活动和道德信念)和提高自我效能,农村寄宿学校可以促进所有农村学生的学业表现,而且有助于缓解留守青少年在家庭方面的劣势。With the rapid development of China’s economy,a large number of rural parents migrate to cities to work,which leads to the problem of left behind children in rural areas being widely concerned by the academic community.In recent years,there has been a large increase in rural boarding schools.Are the left behind and non left behind rural teenagers in such boarding schools gradually converging in their academic performance?According to the questionnaire survey of 1464 junior middle school students in rural boarding schools in Guangdong and Hunan Province,it is found that in rural boarding schools,there are similarities and differences in the impact mechanism of academic performance between left behind and non left behind adolescents.For all boarding students,the stronger the social ties and self-efficacy of participating in regular activities and moral beliefs,the better the academic performance.In terms of the difference between left behind and non left behind students,non left behind students have better academic performance and are more susceptible to the positive impact of teacher-student relationship;For the left behind children whose parents go out to work,they rely more on self-efficacy to improve their academic performance;For adolescents whose parents stayed in the countryside,attachment to their parents significantly reduced their academic performance.Research shows that rural boarding schools can promote the academic performance of all rural students by strengthening social ties(especially by participating in routine activities and moral beliefs)and improving self-efficacy,and help alleviate the disadvantages of left behind adolescents in their families.

关 键 词：学业成绩 社会纽带 自我效能 农村留守与非留守儿童 

分 类 号：G459[文化科学—教育学]