贵州喀斯特地区植被修复对土壤氮素的影响  

Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Nitrogen in Karst Areas,Guizhou Province

作　　者：王硕 吴云杰 张明意 田鑫 王润泽 冯小林 申涛 WANG Shuo;WU Yun-jie;ZHANG Ming-yi;TIAN Xin;WANG Run-ze;FENG Xiao-lin;SHEN Tao(College of Eco-Environmental Engineering/The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guiyang Zhonggui Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学生态环境工程学院/喀斯特湿地研究中心,贵阳550025 [2]贵州中贵环保科技有限公司,贵阳550025

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2022年第34期15397-15407,共11页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：贵州省科技计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般099);贵州省大学生创新创业训练计划(202110672024)。

摘　　要：喀斯特地区正开展一系列的生态恢复工程措施,研究生态修复过程与土壤氮循环过程的交互作用对喀斯特地区生态系统植被修复具有重要的科学意义。以贵州草海保护区不同地貌(非喀斯特、喀斯特及植被修复)为研究对象,采用时空互代法研究地貌环境对土壤氮组分(全氮、碱解氮、硝态氮、铵态氮)分布特征的影响,并分析它们与土壤理化因子之间的关系。结果表明:非喀斯特样带氮含量与喀斯特样带对比,前者土壤氮素累积呈现向上富集的规律,在土壤表层呈表聚现象,土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量均高于喀斯特样带,铵态氮占无机氮主要部分;喀斯特样带由于地质条件特殊、植被覆盖度低、凋落物归还量少和土壤侵蚀导致活性有机碳较低,进而影响土壤氮素累积;植被恢复初始阶段,土壤中氮素供应强度会得到改善,土壤硝化和氨化速率均有显著提升,土壤侵蚀作用减弱,土壤对养分的固持能力加强,进而土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量显著高于喀斯特样带。A series of ecological restoration projects are being carried out in Karst areas.Studying the interaction between ecological restoration process and soil nitrogen cycle process has important scientific significance for ecosystem vegetation restoration in Karst area.Different landforms(non-Karst,Karst and vegetation restoration)in Caohai Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province were selected as the targets,and the effects of geomorphological environment on the distribution characteristics of soil nitrogen components including total nitrogen,available nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were studied by spatio-temporal substitution method.At the same time,the relationship between nitrogen content and physical and chemical factors of soil was analyzed.The results show as follows.Comparing with the Karst zone,the upward enrichment of nitrogen appear in the non-Karst zone,and the phenomenon of surface accumulate on the soil surface layer appear.In addition,it apprar that higher contents of soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen.Ammonium nitrogen was considered as the main part of inorganic nitrogen.The process of soil nitrogen accumulation was influenced by low content of active organic carbon which can attribute to the special geological conditions,low vegetation coverage,low litter return and soil erosion.In the initial stage of vegetation restoration,because of the improved intensity of nitrogen supply,increased rates of soil nitrification and ammoniation,weakened soil erosion,and strengthened retention capacity of soil nutrients,the contents of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in soil are significantly higher than those in Karst belt.

关 键 词：草海 喀斯特 植被修复 氮组分 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P931.5[天文地球—自然地理学]