“明显不当”标准司法适用现状及优化路径  

The Current State of Judicial Application of the“Obvious Impropriety”Standard and the Path to Its Optimization

作　　者：周璐 杨叶红[2] ZHOU Lu;YANG Yehong(Judge Management Service,The Intermediate People’s Court of Changsha City,Changsha 410007,China;Periodical Press,Party School of Hunan Provincial Committee of C.P.C,Changsha 410006,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙市中级人民法院法官管理处,湖南长沙410007 [2]中共湖南省委党校期刊社,湖南长沙410006

出　　处：《邵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期44-53,共10页Journal of Shaoyang University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：自2014年《行政诉讼法》新增“明显不当”审查标准用以审查行政行为的合理性以来,立法机关与司法机关多年没有对此作出法律解释与适用规范,以致“明显不当”标准界定模糊,司法适用面临诸多问题,如涉及率低、驳回率高、维持原判率高、申请二审及再审率高。相关法律制度不完善、司法实践中缺乏标准适用的技术规范以及司法权过于谦抑是造成这些问题的主要原因。要解决现有问题,从制度层面看,要出台法律解释,确立“明显不当”标准的实际内涵,构建完善的分级审查制度;从技术层面看,司法机关可以梳理总结实践经验,出台内外部适用“明显不当”标准技术规范,双管齐下规范“明显不当”标准的司法适用;从体制层面看,需要从增强行政法官专业能力入手,提升司法的能动性与权威性。Since the standard of“obvious impropriety”was added in the Administrative Litigation Law to review the reasonableness of administrative acts in 2014,no legal interpretation and application norms have been issued by the legislature and the judiciary for many years.As a result,the definition of the standard is vague and such problems as low involvement rate,high rejection rate,high affirmation rate,and high application rate for second trial and retrial exist in its judicial application.These problems are caused by the imperfect legal system,the lack of norms on the application of the standard in judicial practice and the overly modest judicial power.To solve the existing problems,institutionally it is necessary to make legal interpretations for the connotation of the“obvious impropriety”standard and build a perfect hierarchical review system on the institutional level;technically it is necessary for the judiciary to sort out and summarize practical experience and set specific norms for the internal and external application of the standard;systematically it is necessary to enhance the professional capacity of administrative judges to improve judicial initiative and authority.

关 键 词：“明显不当” 审查标准 司法适用 数据分析 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]