基于COM-B理论的青少年体育行为影响要素体系及其作用路径研究  

Inf luence Factor System of Adolescents’ Sports Behavior and Its Acting Path Based on COM-B Theory

作　　者：孟晓平 张志勇[1] MENG Xiaoping;ZHANG Zhiyong(Shandong Sport University,Jinan 250102,China)

机构地区：[1]山东体育学院,山东济南250102

出　　处：《体育学研究》2022年第6期23-31,43,共10页Journal of Sports Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(18ATY002);山东社会科学基金项目(22CTYJ16)。

摘　　要：体育行为是健康促进的重要手段和行为方式,从积极健康的视角促进青少年体育行为、提升健康水平关乎健康中国战略。基于COM-B理论采用德尔菲、问卷调查、验证性因子、结构方程模型等方法,从体育行为、体育能力、体育动机和体育参与机会等4个层面建立指标体系,探讨各维度的影响力及交互关系。结果表明:健身能力、机会获取、体育动机、社会支持条件均对青少年体育行为产生显著正向影响;健身能力对体育行为潜在变量的解释程度最高,是最关键的因素;体育动机是中介变量。青少年体育行为养成要关注能力培育、机会赋予和动机激励的协同效应;注重个体积极健康理念的培养;加强体育学习,促进体育能力提升;让渡控制权,加强社会协同支持等。Sports behavior is an important means and behavior mode for health promotion. Promoting youth sports behavior and improving their health level from a positive and healthy perspective are related to the grand strategy of building a healthy China. Based on the COM-B theory,using Delphi,questionnaires,confirmatory factors,structural equation modeling and other methods,the index system is established from four dimensions including sports behavior,sports ability,sports motivation and sports participation opportunities,and the influence and interaction between different dimensions have been explored as well. The results show that fitness ability,opportunity acquisition,sports motivation,and social support conditions all have a significant positive impact on youth sports behavior;Fitness ability has the highest degree of explanation for potential variables of sports behavior and is the most critical factor;sports motivation is the mediating variable. The development of youth sports behaviors should pay attention to the synergistic effect of ability cultivation,opportunity giving and motivational incentives,emphasize the cultivation of active well-being concepts for individuals,strengthen sports learning and promote sports ability improvement,and transfer control rights and strengthen social coordination support etc.

关 键 词：体育行为 COM-B理论 青少年 体育能力 体育动机 体育参与机会 积极健康理念 

分 类 号：G812.45[文化科学—体育学]