基于木材细胞壁结构调控的能源存储与转换材料研究进展  

Research review of energy storage and conversion materials based on wood cell wall functional modification

作　　者：甘文涛 王耀星 肖坤 翟墨坤 王海刚[1] 谢延军[1] GAN Wentao;WANG Yaoxing;XIAO Kun;ZHAI Mokun;WANG Haigang;XIE Yanjun(Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science&Technology,Ministry of Education,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2022年第6期1-12,共12页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：中国科协青年人才托举工程(YESS20210031);国家自然科学基金(32001256);东北林业大学大学生国家级创新训练计划项目(202110225204)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着对木材细胞壁微结构认识的深入和细胞壁调控技术手段的丰富,木材作为一种绿色、可再生且储量丰富的天然高分子材料,开始在节能建筑、环境保护、生物工程和储能器件等领域发挥出独特的功能优势,引起了广泛关注。利用木材开发高能量密度电极、高效电解水催化剂,对推进落实“双碳”目标、实现能源的绿色和可持续发展具有重要意义。笔者基于木材细胞壁调控方法-结构-功能三者之间的联系,总结了利用物理、化学和生物反应对木材细胞壁进行结构解聚、活化造孔和功能修饰的方法,探讨了碳化后木材电极的结构特征与电化学性能之间的关联机制。基于木材孔隙结构和厚度自适应性的特点,讨论了实体木材对实现超级电容器高能量密度和高功率密度的重要性;针对木材电极分级多孔的结构特性,分析了以木材为载体制备高性能的锂-氧电池和锂-硫电池的创新思路;利用实体木材的化学活性,重点探讨了其作为催化剂载体,在催化水裂解制氢方面表现出的协同增效与技术优势。最后,基于以上的论述,对木材作为储能材料所面临的机遇、挑战以及未来需要重点关注的研究方向进行了展望。Wood is a green, renewable, and abundant natural polymer material on the earth, which exhibits unique functional advantages including lightweight, easy processing, beautiful texture, environmental friendliness, etc. Formed through long-term biological evolution, wood has been widely used for furniture, building, energy, loading, new materials, and green chemicals, which has played an important role in social and economic development and progress. Based on wood properties and utilization, wood cell wall structure and performance are the key to achieve efficient utilization of wood. Recently, various functional wood materials have been developed based on the wood cell wall functional modification, showing great potential application in energy efficient building, environmental protection, bioengineering and energy storage devices, which further promote the in-depth understanding of wood cell wall microstructure and wood functional modification technology. With the continuous consumption of non-renewable fossil energy and the deterioration of the ecological environment, the development of green and sustainable energy conversion and storage technology has become an inevitable trend of social development. According to the “carbon neutral” target, developing the wood-based electrodes with high energy density for the energy storage devices and the high-efficiency wood electrodes toward water splitting is of great significance to realize the green and sustainable energy development. As the substrate of wood-based electrodes, the carbonized wood with unique 3 D hierarchical porous structure possesses the continuous electrons transfer through the cell wall and ions transport along the nanopores in the wood channels. Based on the relationship of “preparation-structure-function” for the wood cell walls, the methods of structural depolymerization, activate pore creation, and functional modification of wood cell wall via physical, chemical, and biological reactions were summarized, and the correlation mechanism between

关 键 词：木材 细胞壁修饰 超级电容器 储能器件 电催化 

分 类 号：TS69[轻工技术与工程]