美国实施化学物质数据报告制度的进展及思考  

Research on the Implementing Progress of Chemicals Data Reporting System in the United States and Corresponding Reflections

作　　者：葛海虹 钢夫 何立 赵静 Ge Haihong;Gang Fu;He Li;Zhao Jing(Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100029,China;Solid Waste and Soil Ecology Technical Center of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010011,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心,北京100029 [2]内蒙古自治区固体废物与土壤生态环境技术中心,呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2022年第5期24-31,共8页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

摘　　要：化学物质生产、使用和排放等数据信息是各国开展化学物质环境风险评估的重要基础数据,美、欧、日、韩等发达国家和地区早在建立化学物质专项法律框架和制度体系时,就建立了不同类型的化学物质信息收集制度,如美国实施的化学物质数据报告制度,韩国实施的化学品统计调查制度,欧盟实施的化学物质注册登记制度以及日本的化学物质信息报告制度等。我国目前仅通过开展临时性的重点行业化学物质调查,收集部分化学物质的基础数据,因经验不足、手段缺失,尚未建立全国化学物质数据报告制度。美国早在1986年就开展化学物质信息收集工作,并在2011年建立了化学物质数据报告制度(CDR)。本文重点分析了美国CDR的实施经验和做法,结合我国化学物质环境风险评估需求,研究提出了建立适合中国国情的化学物质数据收集制度的设想。The information on the production,use,and discharge of chemicals is the important data support for countries to carry out chemicals environmental risk assessment.Developed countries and regions such as the United States,Europe,Japan and South Korea have established different types of chemicals information collection systems when they formulated chemicals special legal frameworks and institutional systems,such as the chemicals data reporting system implemented in the United States,the chemicals statistical survey system of South Korea,the chemical substances registration system of the European Union and the chemical substances information reporting system in Japan.At present,China only temporarily conducted chemicals surveys of key industries to collect the basic data on certain chemicals.Due to lack of experiences and methods,the national chemicals data reporting system has not yet been established.The United States started to collect chemicals information as early as 1986,and established the Chemical Data Reporting(CDR)system in 2011.This paper emphasized the implementation experience and practice of the CDR in the United States,combined with the domestic needs of chemical substances environmental risk assessment,and put forward the ideas on the establishing the chemical substances data collection system suitable for China’s national conditions.

关 键 词：化学物质 数据报告 思考 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]