人参生育后期追施钾肥的生理响应  

Physiological responses of ginseng to potassium fertilizer in late Autumn

作　　者：邬洁 于大德 李西文[1,2] 陈佳颖 徐福荣 WU Jie;YU Dade;LI Xiwen;CHEN Jiaying;XU Furong(Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]云南中医药大学

出　　处：《环球中医药》2022年第12期2282-2288,共7页Global Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1710601);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZXKT21033);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(C12021A04505)。

摘　　要：目的探究人参生育后期对钾肥的生理响应。方法选用硫酸钾和氯化钾两种钾肥,设置5、10、20 g·m^(-2)三个浓度梯度,分析不同施钾处理对人参叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、光合参数、抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果追施钾肥后,叶绿素a、b含量显著高于空白对照组(control check,CK),硫酸钾和氯化钾处理无显著性差异,均以10 g·m^(-2)为最佳用量水平。施用氯化钾可提高人参叶片实际光化学效率,降低非光化学猝灭(non-photochemical quenching,NPQ),而硫酸钾处理较CK无显著性差异。氯化钾用量水平为20 g·m^(-2)时,叶片光化学效率较CK提高20.9%,非光化学猝灭系数较CK分别降低15.7%。因此,追施氯化钾更有利于人参生育后期叶片同化产物的积累,其最佳施肥用量为20 g·m^(-2)。追施适量钾肥可显著降低人参生育后期超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide disnutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)的活性,但不同酶的变化趋势存在一定差异。SOD、POD酶呈现先降低后增加的趋势,即主要在缺钾和高钾的状态下发挥作用。氯化钾10 g·m^(-2)条件下,SOD、CAT酶活性降低。结论根据生理指标综合考虑,生产上人参生育后期建议追施10~20 g·m^(-2)氯化钾为宜。该研究可为人参生育后期追施钾肥提供理论参考及选择依据。Objective To explore the physiological response of ginseng to potassium fertilizer in its late growth stage.Methods Two kinds of potassium fertilizers,potassium sulfate and potassium chloride,were used in this experiment,and three concentration gradients of 5,10,and 20 g·m^(-2)were set.Results The contents of chlorophyll a and b in the treatment group after topdressing potassium fertilizer were significantly higher than those in the control group.There was no significant difference between potassium sulfate and potassium chloride treatments,and 10 g·m^(-2)was the optimal potassium fertilizer dosage level.There are differences in the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters at different fertilization levels of potassium chloride.When the dosage is 20 g·m^(-2),PhiPS2 is increased by 20.9%compared with CK.Compared with CK treatment,NPQ was significantly decreased by 15.1%and 15.7%,respectively.Topdressing potassium chloride was more conducive to the accumulation of assimilation products in the leaves of ginseng in the later growth stage,and the optimal fertilization dosage was 20 g·m^(-2).Topdressing with appropriate amount of potassium fertilizer can significantly reduce the activities of superoxide disnutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)in the late autumn of ginseng.However,the change trend of SOD,POD,CAT enzymes are different.SOD and POD enzymes showed a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing,that is,they mainly played roles in the state of potassium deficiency and high potassium.Under the condition of potassium chloride 10 g·m^(-2),the activities of SOD and CAT decreased.Conclusion According to the comprehensive consideration of physiological indicators,it is recommended to apply 10~20 g·m^(-2)potassium chloride topdressing during the late growth stage of ginseng in production.This study can provide theoretical reference and selection basis for topdressing potassium fertilizer for ginseng in the later stage of growth.

关 键 词：叶面钾肥 抗氧化能力 叶绿素荧光 光合参数 

分 类 号：R255.9[医药卫生—中医内科学]