填充瓶子声音的实验和理论探究  

Experimental and Theoretical Research on the Sound of Bottle Filling

作　　者：热依扎·塔斯恒 魏蔚[1] 毕拉力 马晓栋[1] REYIZHA·Tasiheng;WEI Wei;BILALI;MA Xiao-dong(Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Luminescence Minerals and Optical Functional Materials,School of Physics and Electronic Engineering,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学物理与电子工程学院新疆发光矿物与光功能材料研究重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《新疆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期33-40,共8页Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(10864006、11264039);新疆高校科研计划重点项目(XJED2010141);新疆师范大学博士科研启动基金(XJNUBS1805)。

摘　　要：文章研究2019年中国大学生物理学术竞赛的第五题——填充瓶子。按照题目要求,对填充水柱的流速、玻璃瓶的直径、灌水漏斗下水口的直径、温度4种参量对瓶子发出声音的影响,进行比较全面和完整的实验探究和理论解释。文章采用控制变量法做实验,给出了四组八次实验的详细数据,其中每次实验重复五遍。采用驻波和受迫振动的相关理论结论,定性给出了水填充瓶子时产生声音频率变化的原因。该题目与日常生活关系密切,并且物理机制比较复杂和曲折,指导学生研究该题目,有效激发学生做科学研究的兴趣,引起学生对生活中细微之处的观察和思考,在实践教学中对培养学生科学素养提供一条新思路。This paper studies the fifth question of the 2019 Chinese College Students Physics Academic Competition-Filling the Bottle. According to the requirements of the topic,a comprehensive and complete experimental exploration and theoretical explanation were carried out on the influence of the four parameters of the flow rate of the filled water column,the diameter of the glass bottle,the diameter of the lower nozzle of the filling funnel,and the temperature on the sound emitted by the bottle. In this paper,the control variable method is used to do experiments,and the detailed data of four groups of eight experiments are given,in which each experiment is repeated five times.The reason for the change of sound frequency when water fills the bottle is qualitatively given by using the relevant theoretical conclusions of standing wave and forced vibration. The topic is closely related to daily life,and the physical mechanism is relatively complex and tortuous. It guides students to study the topic,effectively stimulates students’ interest in scientific research,and causes students to observe and think about the subtle points in life. In practice teaching,it provides a new idea for cultivating students’ scientific nutrition.

关 键 词：驻波 受迫振动 频率 温度 粘滞性 

分 类 号：O469[理学—凝聚态物理]