基于LiDAR三维点云数据的乔木群落生态绩效评价研究  

Ecological Performance Evaluation of Arbor Communities Based on LiDAR 3D Point Cloud Data

作　　者：来昕 刘喆 李昊冉 郑曦[1] LAI Xin;LIU Zhe;LI Haoran;ZHENG Xi

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国园林》2022年第11期122-127,共6页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：住房和城乡建设部研究开发项目“多尺度城市绿色基础设施评价方法与更新关键技术研究”(编号2020-K-033);国家重点研发计划项目(编号2019YFD11004021)共同资助。

摘　　要：生态绩效评价是科学表征和掌握生态效益与价值的关键手段,乔木群落是重要的景观设计要素之一,对景观空间生态效益有着显著影响。地面激光雷达技术(Li DAR)实现了对植物群落三维点云模型的高精度重建,为生态绩效评价奠定了数据基础。运用Li DAR技术采集乔木群落三维点云数据,基于Li DAR360软件平台,提取乔木参数,通过整合绩效评价工具,选择具有可测度的指标,对生态绩效进行讨论(增加碳汇、缓解热岛效应、清洁空气、调节雨洪、保护生物多样性);运用模糊综合分析法,对石家庄市滹沱河生态修复区内的6种代表性乔木群落进行生态绩效评价。结果表明,叶面积指数是提高综合生态绩效的关键因素;针叶树具有更高的清洁空气效益;阔叶树具有更高的固碳能力;乔木规格对增加景观空间的生物多样性有正向作用。建立了一套基于地面激光雷达技术的生态绩效评价途径,为乔木群落生态绩效精准评价提供了技术支撑。Ecological performance evaluation is a key method to characterize ecological benefits. Arbor community is one of the important elements of landscape design, which has a significant impact on ecological benefits. Terrestrial Li DAR technology realizes the reconstruction of the three-dimensional point cloud model of plant communities, and can efficiently extract a series of structure parameters. Using the Li DAR360 software platform, the tree parameters are extracted, and the ecological performance evaluation is conducted by integrating evaluation tools, selecting measurable indicators, and coupling to ecological performance(increasing carbon sinks, mitigating heat island effects, cleaning air, regulating rainwater, and protecting biodiversity). Using fuzzy comprehensive analysis method, the ecological benefits of six representative tree communities in the ecological restoration area of Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang City were analyzed. The results show that the LAI(leaf area index) is a key factor to improve the ecological performance. Conifers have higher clean air benefits;broad-leaved trees have higher carbon sequestration capacity;and tree size has a positive effect on increasing landscape biodiversity. By establishing ecological performance evaluation paths based on terrestrial lidar technology, a new method for the accurate evaluation of ecological performance was conducted.

关 键 词：风景园林 生态绩效 LIDAR 乔木群落 点云数据 绩效评价 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]