后伦理选择时代的科学选择  

Scientific Selection in the Post-Ethical Selection Era

作　　者：苏晖[1,2] Su Hui(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Center for Ethical Literary Criticism,specializing in European and American literature,Ethical Literary Criticism,and the aesthetics of drama)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院 [2]华中师范大学国际文学伦理学批评研究中心

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2022年第6期37-51,共15页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“文学伦理学批评的理论资源与对外传播研究”(21&ZD264)。

摘　　要：从文学伦理学批评之人类文明三阶段论视域出发,目前人类正在经历的由伦理选择向科学选择过渡的时期可被称为“后伦理选择时代”。通过对《仿生人会梦见电子羊吗?》《神经漫游者》《羚羊与秧鸡》《别让我走》《克拉拉与太阳》等科幻文学作品的研究可以发现,后伦理选择时代的科学选择究其实质仍是伦理选择,不仅由于科学选择的主体仍是伦理的人,基因编辑技术、克隆技术、人工智能技术等仍受到伦理道德规范的制约,而且科幻作品对科学选择的想象性描绘亦在伦理选择的视域中展开。同时,科学选择亦对伦理选择主体提出了诸多挑战,不仅违背了伦理选择主体的自然禀赋,可能侵犯其自主权、知情权和隐私权,而且也有可能构成对其生命和尊严的伤害,加剧伦理选择主体的分化与不平等,导致科学人与伦理人的关系发生异化并动摇人类的主体性地位。面对一系列科学选择带来的挑战,人类应坚持以真和善为伦理价值取向引领科学选择,以人类为主体建构一体多翼的后人类共同体,这既是人与自然和社会协调发展的需要,也是作为伦理选择主体的必然抉择。According to the theory of Ethical Literary Criticism regarding the three stages of human civilization, the period of transition from ethical selection to scientific selection that mankind is currently experiencing can be called the “post-ethical selection era”. Through a study of a few selected science fiction works, such as Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?,Neuromancer, Oryx and Crake, Never Let Me Go, and Clara and the Sun, we can find that the scientific selection in the post-ethical selection era is still, in essence, ethical selection, not only because the subject of scientific selection is still the ethical man, and the technology for gene editing, cloning, and artificial intelligence is still restricted by ethical and moral norms,but also because the imaginative description of scientific selection in science fiction works is also executed within the perspective of ethical selection. At the same time, scientific selection poses many challenges to the subjects of ethical selection, probably violating their natural capabilities, infringing upon their right of autonomy, knowing, and privacy, and even causing harm to their life or dignity and aggravating the differentiation and inequality among them,which will, in turn, lead to the alienation of the relationship between scientific man and ethical man and shake the subjective status of human beings. To face the challenges from a series of scientific choices, human beings should adhere to the ethical value orientation of truth and goodness in making scientific choices and build an integrated and multi-winged post-human community with human beings as the main body. This is not only the need of the coordinated development of human, nature, and society, but also the inevitable choice for the subjects of ethical selection.

关 键 词：科学选择 伦理选择 “后伦理选择时代” 人类文明三阶段论 文学伦理学批评 

分 类 号：I0-02[文学—文学理论]