马拉默德《修配工》中的记忆书写与共同体形塑  

The Memory Writing and Shaping of Community in Bernard Malamud’s The Fixer

作　　者：刘兮颖[1,2] Liu Xiying(School of Literature and a research fellow at the International Research Center of Ethical Literary Criticism,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院 [2]华中师范大学国际文学伦理学批评研究中心

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2022年第6期76-88,共13页Foreign Literature Studies

摘　　要：美国著名犹太作家伯纳德·马拉默德在其经典作《修配工》中书写了雅柯夫的个体记忆、历史记忆与不同维度的共同体之间形成的互为因果、相互表征的关系,存在着分离、解构、分裂、建构等各种关联。雅柯夫的苦难人生历经了不同的阶段:在基辅当监工时他力图通过遮蔽历史记忆获取虚假的身份认同而不得,最后导致经济利益共同体的分裂;由于犹太族裔身份的被揭露雅柯夫成为替罪羊入狱后,被唤醒宗教创伤记忆的俄国官员与神父一起缔结了政治共同体,其共同目标是为死者伸张正义;雅柯夫经历了历史记忆的复苏,重构族裔身份的认同感,而这其中伴随着犹太族群命运共同体由分裂走向了聚合。该作出色地将记忆书写与不同维度的共同体相融合,从历时和共时两个层面展现了记忆给予个体和族群的深刻影响和文化印记,历史记忆重新界定了个体身份,唤醒了族群的集体无意识,强化了民族认同感,并在一定程度上形塑了犹太族群命运共同体。Bernard Malamud, the famous Jewish American writer, indicates in his classic The Fixer that the relationship between Yakov’s personal memory, historical memory, and the community of different dimensions is mutually causative and representative, and that it is characterized by separation, deconstruction, division, and construction. Yakov’s miserable life has gone through different stages: while working as a supervisor in Kiev, he tries to cover up the historical memory and obtain a false identity, but his failure eventually leads to the breakup of the community with a shared economic interest;after Yakov is imprisoned as a scapegoat due to the disclosure of his Jewish ethnicity, the Russian officials, whose memory of religious trauma is awakened, and the priests form a political community with the common goal of ensuring justice for the dead;Yakov experiences the recovery of historical memory and reconstructs a sense of his ethnic identity, while the Jewish community with a shared destiny evolves from division to aggregation. The novel brilliantly integrates memory writing with communities of different dimensions and shows the profound impact and cultural imprint of memory on individuals and ethnic groups at both diachronic and synchronic levels. Historical memory redefines individual identity, awakens the collective unconsciousness of ethnic groups, strengthens the sense of national identity and, to a certain extent, shapes up the Jewish American community with a shared future.

关 键 词：马拉默德 《修配工》 记忆书写 共同体 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]