环境民事诉讼中的防御性责任研究  

The Study of Defensive Liability in Environmental Civil Litigation

作　　者：刘静[1] 宋洋溢 LIU Jing;SONG Yangyi

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期47-63,109,110,共19页Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“《民法典》实施中绿色条款的法律适用研究”(21CFX046)。

摘　　要：《民法典》“侵权责任编”将具有预防作用的侵权责任承担方式——“停止侵害”“排除妨碍”“消除危险”作为独立的条文提至第一章一般规定中,区分了防御性责任与损害赔偿责任。同时,由于环境损害的不可逆性,预防性救济更具意义。但在环境司法实务中,防御性责任的适用较少,构成要件也不明确。厘清其适用范围与构成要件是破局的关键。《民法典》第一千一百六十七条适用于环境私益诉讼当无疑义,考虑到防御性责任的重要意义以及预防性公益诉讼稳步发展的现实,应当通过绿色条款对第一千一百六十七条进行扩张性解释,以涵盖环境民事公益诉讼。在环境民事诉讼中适用防御性责任时,应当以侵权行为、妨害、行为与妨害间的因果关系为构成要件,并重视利益衡量在决定救济形式方面的作用。The Tort Liability section of theCivil Codehas brought the tort liability with preventive effect:"cessation of infringement","removal of obstruction","elimination of danger".The tort liability section of the Civil Codedistinguishes the defensive liability from the compensation liability by mentioning them as separate articles in the general provisions of Chapter 1.At the same time,due to the irreversibility of environmental damage,preventive legal remedy is more meaningful.However,in environmental judicial practice,the application of defensive claims is relatively rare and faces difficulties.Clarifying the scope of application and the elements is the key.In view of the importance of defensive liability and the steady development of preventive public interest litigation,Article 1167 of theCivil Codeshould be interpreted expansively through the green clause to cover environmental civil public interest litigation.In the application of defensive liability in environmental civil litigation,the elements of tort,nuisance,and the causal relationship between the act and the nuisance should be considered,with emphasis on the role of interest balancing in determining the form of relief.

关 键 词：环境侵权 防御性请求权 防御性责任 预防性公益诉讼 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]