东海黑潮周边中尺度涡的分布、运动规律以及生成机制  

Distribution, movement and generation mechanism of the mesoscale eddy around the Kuroshio in the East China Sea

作　　者：李志超 郭俊如[1,2] 宋军 白志鹏 富砚昭 蔡宇 王喜风 LI Zhichao;GUO Junru;SONG Jun;BAI Zhipeng;FU Yanzhao;CAI Yu;WANG Xifeng(School of Marine Technology and Environment,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Operational Oceanographic Institution,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;61741 Troop,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]大连海洋大学应用海洋学研究所,辽宁大连116023 [3]61741部队,北京100094

出　　处：《海洋学研究》2022年第4期1-10,共10页Journal of Marine Sciences

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2019JZZY020713);辽宁省教育厅项目(QL201905,DL202001,JL202006);大连市科技创新基金(2020JJ27SN100);大连市高层次人才创新支持计划(2020RQ113,2022RJ06);辽宁省应用基础研究计划(2022JH2/101300222,2022JH2/101300183)。

摘　　要：为了探究东海黑潮周边涡旋分布、形成机理及运动规律,基于法国国家空间研究中心(CNES)卫星海洋学存档数据中心(AVISO)的中尺度涡旋数据集展开了研究。首先,统计了近27年东海黑潮周边的涡旋分布,发现在黑潮弯曲海域产生了650个涡旋,在黑潮中段海域产生了271个涡旋,其中直径100~150 km之间的涡旋数量最多,涡旋振幅主要集中在2~6 cm。其次,分析了东海黑潮的运动路径和涡运动过程,结果表明,黑潮气旋式弯曲海域内侧易产生气旋涡,且移动路径较长,如台湾东北海域黑潮流轴气旋式弯曲处产生的涡旋,其平均位移达到了87.6 km;当反气旋式弯曲海域内侧产生反气旋涡时,涡旋往往做徘徊运动。黑潮中段海域的涡旋呈现出气旋涡在黑潮主轴西侧、反气旋涡在黑潮主轴东侧的极性对称分布特征,两类涡都沿黑潮主轴向东北方向移动。最后,结合再分析的流场、海面高度数据,讨论了涡旋运动规律和生成机制。黑潮弯曲处涡旋的生成与黑潮流体边界层分离有关,奄美大岛南部到冲绳岛西侧的黑潮逆流对黑潮中段海域涡的极性对称分布起到了关键作用,涡旋在运动过程中通常经历生长、成熟和衰变三个阶段。In order to explore the distribution, formation mechanism and motion law of eddy around Kuroshio in East China Sea, firstly, the eddy distribution around the Kuroshio in the East China Sea during the past 27 years was analyzed by using the mesoscale eddy data set of the AVISO(Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic Data). The results show that there are 650 eddies generated in the meander of the Kuroshio, and 271 eddies in the middle part of the Kuroshio. The diameters of the most these eddies were between 100 to 150 km, and the amplitudes were between 2 to 6 cm. Secondly, the motion path and eddy motion process of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea are also analyzed. The results show these the cyclonic eddies are easy to be generated in the inner side of the Kuroshio cyclonic bend, with a long path. For example, at the cyclone bend of the Kuroshio axis in the northeast of Taiwan, the average length of the path was 87.6 km. Otherwise, when these anticyclonic eddies are generated, these eddies usually are wandered. In the middle part of the Kuroshio, the eddy showed the polar symmetric distribution characteristics of these cyclonic eddies in the west side of the Kuroshio main axis and these anticyclonic eddies in the east side of the Kuroshio main axis. Both types of eddies moved northeastward along the Kuroshio main axis. Finally, combined with reanalysis data sets of ocean current and sea surface height, the eddy motion law and generation mechanism were discussed. It is concluded that these eddies generation at the curve of the Kuroshio are related to the separation of the boundary layer of the Kuroshio fluid. The Kuroshio countercurrent from the south of Yanmei Island to the west of Okinawa Island played a key role in the polar symmetric distribution of these eddies in the middle part of the Kuroshio. These eddies usually experience three stages of growth, maturation and decay in the process of movement.

关 键 词：东海黑潮 中尺度涡 涡旋分布 运动规律 生成机制 

分 类 号：P731.2[天文地球—海洋科学]