金陵·秣陵·孝陵:地名入诗及其近古衍化  

Jinling,Moling and Xiaoling:Place Names in Poetry and Their Derivation from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Period

作　　者：蒲柏林 莫砺锋[1] Pu Bolin;Mo Lifeng

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,南京210023

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期92-100,193,194,共11页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目“古今文学演变视域中陆游作品的经典生成研究”(22YJC751003);南京大学优秀博士研究生创新能力提升计划B项目“游:南宋士人心态与中兴诗学研究”(202201B015)。

摘　　要：地名是凝结着历史记忆且能激发语词联想的文化符号,典型如金陵有数十种别称,并且因其不同的语词特点、典故来源、称名性质构成复杂而庞大的表意系统。其中,“金陵”一称影响最大,“秣陵”因构词法相似而与之成为成对地名,受语言机制、历史情境、现实事件等多重因素作用,衍化出不同的意象偏好、题材选择与情感色彩。地名丰富化与金陵组诗规模化同步,文化内涵的累积使诗境更加饱满,但也因此陷入典故繁复、意象空洞的创作困境。明清时期,“孝陵”作为极具象征意味的新地标使怀古诗更具临场感,相似的词形使其得以部分继承“金陵”“秣陵”的表达传统而没有宋代以来金陵怀古诗肤廓之弊。作为人文学科重要的关键词类型,以地名为远读的切入口,还原背后的历史空间、诗人心态,对古代文学研究有重要意义。Place names are cultural symbols that are embedded in historical memory and can evoke verbal imagery.The dozens of alternative names for Nanjing(南京),among which“Jinling”(金陵)is the most influential one,form a complex and extensive ideographic system.These names have different uses,as a general one or a former name,with positive or negative connotations,used officially or privately,due to their different lexical features,allusive origins and other factors.“Moling”(秣陵)has become a pair with“Jinling”,due to its similarity of construction and allusion to its origin.As a result of linguistic mechanisms such as rhythms,tones and symbolic associations,the changing historical context of the Ming and Qing dynasties,and the dissemination of popular works as Moling Spring(《秣陵春》)and Peach Blossom Fan(《桃花扇》)by the Ming loyalists,“Jinling”and“Moling”have developed different preferences of images,choices of subject matters and emotional colors.The former is mostly found in poetic titles and public writing,and is often associated with solid and permanent images such as palaces,mountains,pavilions,platforms,hills and stones,reminiscing about the prosperity of yesteryear.The latter is mainly used in private writing,often combined with indistinct and flowing images such as clouds,smoke,rain,waves and boats,emphasizing the decline of the present and the mournful mood.These differences are obviously reflected in works such as Chen Weiyu s(陈维裕)Seeing Off Jin Zhi at His Retirement from the Governor of Nan an(《送金少卿尊甫致南安太守归政》),Gao Qi s(高启)Ascending the Yuhua Terrace in Jinling to View the Great River(《登金陵雨花台望大江》),and Wang Shizhen s(王士禛)Miscellaneous Poems on Qinhuai(《秦淮杂诗》).The accumulation of cultural connotations has led to a fuller poetic context,but it has also led to a creative dilemma of repetitive allusions,poor content and hollow images.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the name“Xiaoling”(孝陵)

关 键 词：地名入诗 金陵怀古 文化符号 地方书写 远读 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]