论查封债权人的优先受偿地位及其效力限制  

On Priority Status and Validity Restriction of Garnishing Creditor

作　　者：马强伟 Ma Qiangwei

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2023年第1期124-138,共15页Law Science

基　　金：2022年国家社科基金后期资助项目“民事执行中查封的私法效力研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在实现金钱债权的执行程序中,长期存在“优先主义”和“平等主义”的论争。我国法上的查封优先与平等参与分配之混合模式根源于有限破产主义的立法模式。从“优先主义”与“平等主义”的立法基础分析,在执行程序与破产程序二分、个人破产制度即将建立的背景下,优先主义是我国未来民事强制执行立法的最优选择。《民事强制执行法(草案)》虽采纳了优先主义的表述,但未明确查封债权人的实体优先受偿地位。为贯彻优先主义,查封债权人在破产程序中应同样享有优先受偿地位,但受到破产法对个别清偿行为的限制。此外,在个人破产法出台前,民事执行程序中应当保留参与分配制度,以实现对债务人财产的公平分配。There is a long-standing debate between“priorityism”and“equalism”in the enforcement procedure of monetary claims.China’s current adoption of the hybridism model is rooted in the limited bankruptcy of the legislative system.Based on the analysis of the legislative basis of priorityism and equalism,in the context of the dichotomy of execution procedure and bankruptcy procedure and the current personal bankruptcy legislation in China,priorityism should be the best choice for the future enforcement legislation.Although the Civil Enforcement Law(Draft)adopts the expression of priority,it does not specify the priority status of the seized creditor’s entity.In order to implement the principle of priority,seizure creditors should also enjoy preferential status in bankruptcy proceedings,but are subject to restrictions on individual repayment behaviors in bankruptcy law.In addition,before the implementation of the Personal Bankruptcy Law,the Civil Enforcement Law should retain the participation distribution system,so as to play a similar role in treating creditors equally in bankruptcy proceedings.

关 键 词：优先主义 平等主义 查封优先权 破产撤销 参与分配 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]