品第批评:中国传统文艺批评的独特形式  

Grading: A Unique Form of Traditional Chinese Literary Criticism

作　　者：方志红[1] FANG Zhihong(College of Liberal Arts,Xinyang Normal University,Xinyang Henan 464000,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳师范学院文学院,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》2022年第6期50-55,共6页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“东方古代文艺理论重要范畴、话语体系研究与资料整理”,项目编号:19ZDA289。

摘　　要：品第批评是中国传统文艺批评的独特形式。它自齐梁时产生,至明清依然盛行。其间发展经历了以齐梁时钟嵘、谢赫为代表的品级式品第批评和以唐代李嗣真、张怀瓘为代表的品目式品第批评两个阶段。品第批评有四方面特征:强烈的历史意识、整体性、审美性、直觉体悟的诗性。相对于当代“广告化”的文艺评论,品第批评更显其有效性和独特价值:它使一个时期内文艺的历史发展脉络清晰,作品成就高低判然有别,体貌特征生动可感,并能剪除芜杂,为我们树立正确的审美观。Grading is a unique form of traditional Chinese literary criticism. It came into being in the Southern Qi(479-502) and Liang(502-557) dynasties and remained prevailing all the way to the Ming(1368-1644) and Qing(1644-1912) dynasties. The development of grading as a form of literary criticism went through two stages: the rank formula-based grading represented by Zhong Rong and Xie He in the Southern Qi and Liang dynasties, as well as the item type-based grading represented by Li Cizhen and Zhang Huaiguan in the Tang Dynasty. The grading-based literary criticism shares four characteristics as follows: 1) It is a criticism with strong historical consciousness;2) It is a holistic criticism;3) It is an aesthetic criticism;and 4) It is a kind of intuitive poetic criticism. Compared with contemporary forms of literary criticism that feature much publicity, grading is a more effective and more valuable form of literary criticism, which offers a panoramic view of the historical development of literature and arts within a certain time span including their quality, physical properties, and deficiencies, et cetera, thus establishing a correct aesthetic outlook for us.

关 键 词：品第批评 品级式 品目式 历史意识 审美批评 

分 类 号：I206.09[文学—中国文学]