埋伏阻生牙的正畸综合治疗  

Comprehensive orthodontic treatment of impacted teeth

作　　者：金作林[1] JIN Zuolin(State Key Laboratory of Military Stoma-tology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,Department of Orthodontics,School of Stomatology,The Fourth Military Medical University,710032 Xi'an,China)

机构地区：[1]军事口腔医学国家重点实验室,口腔疾病国家临床医学研究中心,陕西省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,第四军医大学口腔医学院口腔正畸科,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《口腔疾病防治》2023年第5期305-311,共7页Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases

基　　金：陕西省社会发展项目(2021SF-050);国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心专项课题(LCA202009)。

摘　　要：埋伏阻生牙是一类复杂的错畸形,不同人种、性别以及牙位的发病率不甚相同。埋伏阻生牙的病因包含全身因素与局部因素,全身因素包括内分泌紊乱、营养不良、急慢性传染病等;局部因素包括在牙齿发育到萌出至正常位置的过程中,能够造成牙齿发育异常或者萌出异常的任何因素,如局部炎症或外伤造成的恒牙胚受损、乳牙早失导致的萌出间隙不足、多生牙或牙瘤等局部病变导致的萌出道障碍。埋伏阻生牙临床表现为正常牙位的恒牙缺失,锥体束CT能精确进行阻生牙的诊断与定位。正畸综合治疗包括外科手术助萌、拔除滞留乳牙或多生牙、去除牙瘤或囊肿等病变、正畸扩展间隙提供条件自行萌出;当外科手术去除局部软硬组织障碍后,牙齿仍不能顺利萌出,则需要配合正畸牵引导萌或拔除后正畸以及自体牙移植等方法。明确诊断、合理评估治疗难度、采取合适的矫治方法是提高治疗成功率的关键。本文将重点回顾埋伏阻生牙的流行病学、病因、诊断和相应的治疗方法等,全面阐述埋伏阻生牙的正畸综合治疗,期望为临床医生治疗埋伏阻生牙提供参考。Impacted teeth are a kind of complex malocclusion, and their incidence differs among different races, sexes and dental positions. The causes of impacted teeth include systemic factors and local factors, such as endocrine disorders, malnutrition, and acute and chronic infectious diseases. Local factors can cause abnormal tooth development or eruption during the process from tooth development to tooth eruption, such as damaged permanent tooth embryos caused by local inflammation or trauma, insufficient eruption space caused by premature loss of deciduous teeth, and eruption disorders caused by local lesions for example hyperplasia or odontoma. The clinical manifestation of impacted teeth is the absence of a permanent tooth in a normal position. We can use cone beam CT(CBCT) to locate the impacted teeth.Comprehensive orthodontic treatment includes surgical-assisted eruption, extraction of retained deciduous teeth or supernumerary teeth, removal of lesions such as odontomas and cysts, and expansion of the orthodontic space. When the dysfunctional local soft and hard tissues are removed during a surgical operation, the tooth still cannot sprout smoothly, and it needs to be assisted by orthodontic traction-guided eruption or extracted and autotransplantation. A clear diagnosis,evaluation of the difficulty of treatment and appropriate treatment are the keys to improving the success rate of treatment. In this paper, the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and corresponding treatment methods of impacted teeth will be reviewed, and the orthodontic treatment of impacted teeth will be comprehensively described to provide a reference for clinicians about the treatment of impacted teeth.

关 键 词：阻生牙 正畸 牵引 导萌 自体牙移植 闭合式导萌 开放式导萌 锥体束CT 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学]