饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、饲料利用和肝胰腺组织结构的影响  

DIETARY AFLATOXIN B1 ON GROWTH,ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND HISTOLOGY IN HEPATOPANCREAS OF JUVENILE RED SWAMP CRAWFISH(PROCAMBARUS CLARKII)

作　　者：黄莹[1] 郭雅哲 娄格格 满洲 葛汝祥 朱晓鸣[2] 向勇 陈新华[1] HUANG Ying;GUO Ya-Zhe;LOU Ge-Ge;MAN Zhou;GE Ru-Xiang;ZHU Xiao-Ming;XIANG Yong;CHEN Xin-Hua(Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province,College of Oceanology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学海洋学院,福建省海洋生物技术重点实验室,福州350002 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2023年第2期279-289,共11页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0900200);福建农林大学科技创新专项基金(CXZX2019064S);帝斯曼维生素(上海)有限公司合作课题(KH210114A);福建省自然基金(2016J01093)资助。

摘　　要：以含不同浓度黄曲霉毒素B_(1)(AFB_(1))(0、10、100和1000μg/kg饲料)的4种饲料饲喂初始均重为(0.382±0.005)g的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)幼虾42d,探讨AFB_(1)对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长性能、饲料效率和肝胰腺组织结构的影响。结果显示,100和1000μg/kg毒素组幼虾的存活率、摄食率、终末体重、特定生长率和饲料效率均显著低于对照组,10μg/kg毒素组与对照组无显著差异。10μg/kg毒素组幼虾肝胰腺碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均与对照组无显著差异,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于对照组。饲料AFB_(1)含量≥100μg/kg时显著影响了克氏原螯虾幼虾上述肝胰腺酶的活性。10μg/kg毒素组肝胰腺组织结构发生轻微变化,100和1000μg/kg毒素组幼虾的肝胰腺表现出严重病变,R细胞数量减少而B细胞数量增多。超微结构结果显示,随着AFB_(1)浓度的增加,肝胰腺细胞内线粒体肿胀,粗面内质网扩张,囊泡增多,脂滴变大。饲料中AFB_(1)≤100μg/kg时克氏原螯虾幼虾体内均未检测出AFB_(1)。1000μg/kg毒素组幼虾虾体中AFB_(1)积累量为1.65μg/kg,未超过FDA食品安全限定标准。综上所述,饲料中AFB_(1)含量≥10μg/kg时即对克氏原螯虾幼虾产生不良影响,说明克氏原螯虾幼虾对AFB_(1)较为敏感。To evaluate the effects of dietary aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1))on growth performance,feed efficiency,and histological changes in juvenile red swamp crayfish(Procambarus clarkii),crayfish with initial body weight of[(0.382±0.005)g]were fed with four diets containing 0,10,100 and 1000μg/kg AFB_(1)for a 42-day trial.Significant lower survival rate(SR),feeding rate(FR),final body weight(FBW),specific growth rate(SGR)and feed efficiency(FE)were observed in 100μg/kg and 1000μg/kg AFB_(1)group,while no significant differences were found in 10μg/kg group compared to control group.There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase(AKP),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate,aminotransferase(AST),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),glutathione Stransferase(GST)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in hepatopancreas between the control and 10μg/kg AFB_(1)group,while significant decrease in superoxide dismutase(SOD)was observed in 10μg/kg AFB_(1)group.AFB_(1)above 100μg/kg significantly impacted activities of the aforementioned hepatopancreas enzymes.Slight histological changes were identified in hepatopancreas of 10μg/kg AFB_(1)group.However,severe lesions of hepatopancreas were found in 100μg/kg and 1000μg/kg AFB_(1)group,which showed decreased numbers of R-cells and increased numbers of B-cells.The ultrastructural results showed that with the increase of AFB_(1)concentration,hepatopancreas demonstrated swelling mitochondria,expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum,increased cytoplasmic vesicles and larger lipid droplets.No AFB_(1)residues were detected in whole body when crayfish were fed with AFB_(1)up to 100μg/kg,however,tiny dose(1.65μg/kg)of AFB_(1)were detected in the group with 1000μg/kg AFB_(1),which was below the safety limitation of FDA.In summary,dietary AFB_(1)above 10μg/kg had an adverse effect on juvenile crayfish,which indicated that red swamp crayfish was a sensitive species to AFB_(1).

关 键 词：黄曲霉毒素B1 生长 抗氧化能力 肝胰腺 毒素积累 克氏原螯虾 

分 类 号：S968.2[农业科学—水产养殖]