错认总比错过好——面孔视错觉的发生机制及其应用  

Better to misidentify than to miss:A review of occurrence mechanisms and applications of face pareidolia

作　　者：陈子炜 付迪 刘勋[1,2] CHEN Zi-Wei;FU Di;LIU Xun(CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;University of Hamburg,Department of Informatics,Hamburg 22527,Germany)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049 [3]汉堡大学信息科学系,德国汉堡22527

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2023年第2期240-255,共16页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金中德重大国际合作项目(NSFC 62061136001/DFG TRR-169)。

摘　　要：面孔视错觉现象表现为个体从其他事物中感知到并不存在的面孔。面孔视错觉要素已广泛应用于艺术、广告及商品中,起到吸引注意、促进消费的作用。同时,先前的研究通过采用各种范式,发现患者在面孔视错觉的产生上同常人的差异,以及视错觉与视幻觉之间的联系。根据视觉加工通路的不同,相关范式可分为视错觉监测范式,以及视错觉辨认范式。前者侧重于基于提取的类面孔特征所做出的快速预测,后者侧重于主观期望引导个体对物体特征的提取,两者最终均会影响到后续的认知判断。日后研究可从面孔视错觉的发生机制出发,结合自上而下和自下而上两种加工通路,为面孔视错觉产生机制提供理论依据,并拓宽该要素在临床诊断及商业广告领域上的应用。In real life,people occasionally perceive an object as something non-existent,called pareidolia.The elements of face pareidolia have been widely utilized in art,advertising,and design to attract attention and promote consumption.At the same time,previous studies using various paradigms have found differences in producing face pareidolia between patients and typical individuals and the link between pareidolia and visual hallucinations.According to two visual processing pathways,the related paradigms can be divided into pareidolia monitoring paradigm and pareidolia discrimination paradigm.The former focuses on rapid prediction based on extracted face-like features,while the latter focuses on predictive code guiding individuals to extract object features.Both will eventually affect subsequent cognitive judgments.Future studies are proposed to develop new paradigms to further explore the interaction between top-down and bottom-up mechanisms of face pareidolia.

关 键 词：面孔视错觉 面孔加工 发生机制 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]