典型国家农业保险制度与产品综述  

A Review of Typical Foreign Agricultural Insurance Systems and Products

作　　者：王亚许 吕娟[2] 左惠强 尹建明 翟亮亮 WANG Yaxu;LYU Juan;ZUO Huiqiang;YIN Jianming;ZHAI Liangliang(Postdoctoral Workstation of China Reinsurance(Group)Corporation,Beijing 100033,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;China RE Catastrophe Risk Management Company Ltd.,Beijing 100052,China)

机构地区：[1]中国再保险(集团)股份有限公司博士后工作站,北京100033 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [3]中再巨灾风险管理股份有限公司,北京100052

出　　处：《灾害学》2022年第4期69-74,91,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1502404);中国保险学会2022年年度研究课题项目(ISCKT2022-N-1-04)。

摘　　要：农作物生长及产量形成受到多种自然灾害影响,农民遭受巨大的产量损失风险。农业保险作为一种有效的农业风险保障机制,能够分散和转移自然灾害风险、减少农民因灾损失、稳定农民收入。目前各国已经逐步建立起农业保险风险分散体系应对自然灾害风险,但各国在农业保险发展历史、农业生产方式、农业保险制度等方面的差异导致各国所采取的农业保险经营方式、产品及种类各有特色。该文综述了目前国外典型农业保险制度及保险产品,分析我国农业保险的相关政策、农业保险的发展历程以及在农业巨灾保险领域的相关探索,总结了我国农业保险目前存在的问题。目前农业保险产品主要包括天气指数保险、价格保险、产量保险以及收入保险产品。我国农业保险存在的问题主要包括:①农业保险立法不足,制度不完善,导致农业保险管理及经营不规范;②农业保险产品单一、覆盖品种少;③农民对农业保险认知少,购买意愿不强;④农业保险覆盖面少、保障程度不足;⑤尚未建立农业巨灾风险分散体系等问题。针对目前我国农业保险出现的问题,结合国外农业保险经验,提出了一些有针对性的建议。The growth and yield formation of crops are affected by a variety of natural disasters,and farmers suffer a huge yield loss.As an effective agricultural risk management tool,agricultural insurance can disperse and transfer natural disaster risks,reduce farmers’losses due to disasters,and stabilize farmers’income.At present,agricultural insurance risk dispersion systems have been gradually established in various countries to deal with natural disaster risks.However,the differences in the history of agricultural insurance development,agricultural production methods,agricultural insurance systems,etc.have led to the unique characteristics of agricultural insurance business methods,products,and types adopted by various countries.we summarize the current typical foreign agricultural insurance systems and insurance products.And we analyze the relevant policies of China’s agricultural insurance,the development of agricultural insurance and related explorations in the field of agricultural catastrophe insurance.The current problems of China’s agricultural insurance are summarized.At present,agricultural insurance products mainly include weather index insurance,price insurance,output insurance and income insurance products.The main problems in China’s agricultural insurance include:1)Insufficient agricultural insurance legislation and imperfect systems have led to non-standard agricultural insurance management and operation;2)Agricultural insurance products are simplexand cover a few varieties;3)Farmers have little awareness of agricultural insurance,so their willingness to purchase it are not strong;4)Agricultural insurance coverage is small and the degree of protection is insufficient;5)Problems such as the agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion system have not been established.In view of the current problems in China’s agricultural insurance,combined with foreign agricultural insurance experience,some targeted suggestions are put forward.

关 键 词：农业保险 天气指数保险 收入保险 保险制度 巨灾保险 

分 类 号：S429[农业科学—植物保护] X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5