导师欺压感知与博士生培养质量  

The Relationship Between Perception of Bullying from the Supervisor and Doctoral Training Quality

作　　者：谢鑫 蔡芬 XIE Xin;CAI Fen(Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871 [2]南京大学教育研究院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《黑龙江高教研究》2022年第10期93-100,共8页Heilongjiang Researches on Higher Education

基　　金：2020年江苏省研究生科研创新项目“科研压力对博士生创新能力的影响研究——组织支持的调节作用”(编号:KYCX20_0011)。

摘　　要：导师是保障博士生培养质量的关键要素,因而在世界范围内普遍存在的导师欺压现象亟待研究关注。对2019年的Nature全球学术型博士生问卷调查数据进行分析后发现:第一,认为自己经历过导师欺压的学生占比10.8%,我国有导师欺压感知的学生比例低于全球平均水平;第二,缺乏激励性、限制自主性和时间压力大的培养环境会增加学生感知到导师欺压的概率;第三,导师欺压感知会使学生更容易出现焦虑或抑郁心理;第四,导师欺压感知将造成学生学术从业志向消解、科研能力和通用能力发展受阻。此外,无导师欺压感知者投入的科研学习时间越多,其科研能力收获也会越多,而有导师欺压感知者的时间投入难以带来科研能力收获。最后为博士生教育中的导师欺压现象治理提出了三个方面建议。The supervisor is the key factor to guarantee the quality of doctoral training. Therefore, the bullying from supervisor which is widespread all over the worldshould be paid more attention in academia. Based on the analysis of the Nature’s survey data of global PhD in 2019, there are some findings as follows: firstly, 10.8% of the students think that they experienced supervisor bullying, and the proportion of students in China who feel supervisor bullying is lower than the global average level;secondly, the lack of encouragement, limited autonomy and time pressure of the training environment will significantly increase the probability of students’ perception of bullying from supervisor;thirdly, perceived bullying from supervisor can significantly increase the probability of students’ anxiety or depression;fourthly, perceived bullying from supervisor will weaken their academic career aspirations, hinder their development of research ability and general ability. In addition, the more time the students who do not perceive supervisor’s bullying spend on research and learning, the more their research ability get improved. On the contrary, the students who perceive supervisor’s bullying need spend more time on research and learning and feel difficult to improve their research ability. Atlast, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the governance of bullying from the supervisor in doctoral education.

关 键 词：博士生教育 导师欺压 导学关系 科研能力 心理健康 

分 类 号：C643[社会学]