果园悬挂式柔性对靶喷雾装置研制与试验  

Development and experiments of the hanging flexible targeted spray device for orchards

作　　者：陈泽鸿 陈建泽 宋淑然 孙道宗 Chen Zehong;Chen Jianze;Song Shuran;Sun Daozong(College of Electronic Engineering,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Lyric Robot Automation Co.,Ltd.,Huizhou 516000,China;Guangdong Provincial Agricultural Information Monitoring Engineering Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510642,China;Division of Citrus Machinery,China Agriculture Research System,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学电子工程学院,广州510642 [2]广东利元亨智能装备股份有限公司,惠州516000 [3]广东省农情信息监测工程技术研究中心,广州510642 [4]国家柑橘产业技术体系机械化研究室,广州510642

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第18期11-20,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31671591);广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项资金项目(2022KJ108);广州市科技计划项目(202002030245);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-26)。

摘　　要：为减少农药飘移损失,保护生态环境,该研究从提高喷雾有效性和降低喷雾装置对果树枝叶的机械性损伤出发,研制了一种悬挂式柔性对靶喷雾装置。该装置以东方红MS-304拖拉机为载体,采用超声波传感器探测树冠位置,利用霍尔传感器构建测速模块。对株距4.0 m、树高1.6 m、树冠直径1.4 m的橘树进行对靶喷雾试验验证悬挂式柔性对靶喷雾装置作业性能。试验结果表明:拖拉机行驶速度为0.5 m/s时,喷雾压力0.4、0.5及0.6 MPa对应的平均药液附着率分别为84.7%、91.7%、88.9%,药液附着率较高且接近,喷雾压力对药液附着率的影响不明显;拖拉机行驶速度为1.0 m/s时,喷雾压力0.4、0.5和0.6 MPa对应的平均药液附着率分别为64.2%、70.3%、75.8%,喷雾压力越大,药液附着率越高;拖拉机行驶速度为1.5 m/s时,平均药液附着率低于50%,且喷雾飘移较为严重,不适宜进行自动对靶喷雾;拖拉机行驶速度和喷雾压力相同时,药液附着率按树冠上、中、下层顺序呈递减规律,且速度越高,递减规律越明显。研究结果对提高果园对靶喷雾的药液附着率具有较好的实用价值。Spray drift has been one of the major diffuse pollution sources for fertilizers and pesticides in intensive agriculture.Non-target drift loss of pesticides has posed a great risk to the ecological environment in recent years.It is a high demand to improve the utilization rate of pesticides for the reduction of spray drift in an orchard.In this study,a hanging-type,flexible,and targeted spray device was developed to promote the efficiency of spraying with less mechanical damage to the fruit branches and leaves.The spraying device included ultrasonic target detection,a main controller,speed measurement,and a solenoid valve control module.As the core of coordination,the main controller was responsible for the data transmission with the other three modules.A Dongfanghong MS-304 tractor was taken as the carrying platform,with overall dimensions(length×width×height)of 3.6 m×1.5 m×1.6 m.A three-point suspension mechanism was also used to carry the spray frame on the rear side of the tractor.The spray frame mainly included a load-bearing frame,a lifting guide rail,a lifting frame,a first-level spread arm,a second-level spread arm,a hanging spray rod,and an inverted Y-shaped nozzle bracket.Among them,the spray arm was folded twice,including the lifting frame,the first-level spread arm,and the second-level spread arm.A double cross universal joint was used for the flexible connection between the hanging spray boom and the spray arm,and a flexible spray hose was between the hanging spray end and the spray head for the flexible spraying.As such,the flexible and bendable spray hose was utilized to reduce the mechanical damage to the irregular branches and leaves.Different address codes were assigned in various modules,due to a large amount of data processing.The data conflicts were avoided to first match the address codes of the main controller as-received data.Three ultrasonic ranging sensors(TCF40-16TR1)were installed on the left and right sides of the tractor,particularly in the upper,middle,and lower order along the v

关 键 词：植保机械 果园 对靶喷雾 柔性 超声波测距 附着率 

分 类 号：S491[农业科学—植物保护]