补体异常活化促进年龄相关性黄斑变性发生的作用和机制  

Role of complement dysregulation in age-related macular degeneration

作　　者：程心璇(综述) 刘祖国[1] 廖怿(审校) Cheng Xinxuan;Liu Zuguo;Liao Yi(Eye Institute of Xiamen University,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science,School of Medicine,Xiamen University,Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine,Xiamen 361000,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学医学院、厦门大学眼科研究所、福建省眼科与视觉科学重点实验室、福建省眼再生医学工程研究中心,厦门361000 [2]南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院,南京210008

出　　处：《中华实验眼科杂志》2022年第12期1186-1191,共6页Chinese Journal Of Experimental Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFA0111200、2018YFA0107304、2018YFA0107301);国家自然科学基金项目(81700864);福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2016J01412);福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT160011)。

摘　　要：年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)是一种常见的致盲眼病,目前依然缺乏有效的治疗手段。作为一种受到遗传、代谢及营养等多因素影响的疾病,慢性炎症反应是促进AMD发生和发展的关键因素。近年来,补体异常在AMD发生和发展中的作用受到广泛关注。其中,以CFH为代表的补体相关AMD风险基因已得到大量遗传学研究证实。采用体内和体外研究模型发现,眼内局部以及全身性的补体异常活化与Bruch膜的改变、玻璃膜疣的形成、视网膜慢性炎症以及脉络膜新生血管等AMD相关病理改变密切相关。补体因子通过激活的补体级联反应损伤视网膜细胞,导致AMD病理改变的发生。因此,补体系统已成为开发针对干性和湿性AMD新疗法的重要靶点。基于此,本综述概括总结了AMD的病理特征、补体相关的AMD风险基因,以及补体异常活化在推动AMD病程发展中的重要作用,以期为AMD治疗寻找新靶点。Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a common cause of blindness,which is still short of effective therapies.As a complex disease affected by genetical,metabolic and nutritional factors,a key factor to promote the occurrence and development of AMD is chronic inflammation.In recent years,the etiological role of abnormal complement activation in AMD has attracted lots of attention.Genetic analysis has identified a number of complement-related genes,especially CFH,affecting the susceptibility of AMD.Moreover,in vitro and in vivo studies have found that abnormal ocular and systemic complement activations are closely related to the pathological alterations of AMD,including Bruch membrane changes,drusen formation,chronic retinal inflammation and choroidal neovascularization.The dysregulation of complement activation cascades causes the damage of retinal cells,which eventually leads to the pathological changes of AMD.Accordingly,complement system has become a target for new anti-AMD therapy development.This review summarized the pathological characteristics of AMD,complement-related risk genes for AMD,and the role of abnormal complement activation in promoting the progression of AMD,so as to find new targets for AMD treatment.

关 键 词：年龄相关性黄斑变性 补体 玻璃膜疣 脉络膜新生血管 

分 类 号：R774.5[医药卫生—眼科]