风力机叶片表面覆冰影响因素分析  

Analysis of factors influencing ice cover on blade surface of wind turbines

作　　者：孔祥逸 张宝峰 于东玮 纪杨 韩雪阳 刘晨阳 张大勇 KONG Xiangyi;ZHANG Baofeng;YU Dongwei;JI Yang;HAN Xueyang;LIU Chenyang;ZHANG Dayong(School of Ocean Science and Technology,Dalian University of Technology,Panjin 124221,China;Aerospace CH UAV Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100074,China;Renewable Energy Engineering Institute,China Power Construction Group Huadong Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 311122,China;Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology,Ningbo 315000,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学海洋科学与技术学院,辽宁盘锦124221 [2]航天彩虹无人机股份有限公司,北京100074 [3]中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司新能源工程院,浙江杭州311122 [4]大连理工大学运载工程与力学学部,辽宁大连116024 [5]大连理工大学宁波研究院,浙江宁波315000

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报》2023年第1期52-60,共9页Journal of Dalian University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52071055);高技术船舶科研项目(CBG2N21-2-2);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(DUT22QN237)。

摘　　要：我国低温高海拔地区的风能资源十分丰富,风力机在该环境下运行时会产生叶片表面覆冰现象,不仅降低风力机的发电效率,严重时会影响结构安全性能.采用Fluent与FENSAP-ICE相结合的方法对风力机叶片表面覆冰问题进行数值模拟分析,明确环境温度、来流速度、水滴等主要环境因素影响下叶片表面覆冰发展规律.结果表明,环境温度从-5℃降低到-20℃的过程中,覆冰质量随温度的降低呈线性增长,增长幅度约为0.74 kg/℃;当温度继续降低时,覆冰质量增长幅度降低为0.228 kg/℃.来流速度、空气中水含量(LWC)与水滴直径(MVD)的增加均使覆冰质量呈线性提高,覆冰质量增长幅度分别约为0.236 kg·s/m、8.529 kg·m3/g、0.512 kg/μm.降低环境温度、增大来流速度和LWC会增加叶片覆冰面积,但增大MVD会使覆冰面积减小.Wind energy resources are abundant in the low temperature and high altitude areas of China, and the blade surface icing phenomenon will occur when wind turbines operate in this environment, which not only reduces the power generation efficiency of wind turbines, but also affects the structural safety performance in a serious way. By using the method combining Fluent and FENSAP-ICE, the numerical simulation is conducted to analyze the wind turbine blade surface icing problem and clarify the development law of blade surface icing under the influence of the main environmental factors such as ambient temperature, incoming flow velocity and water droplets. The results show that the ice cover mass grows linearly with the decrease of temperature during the decrease of ambient temperature from-5 ℃ to-20 ℃, and the growth rate is about 0.74 kg/℃;when the temperature continues to decrease, the growth rate of ice cover mass decreases to 0.228 kg/℃. The increase of incoming flow velocity, LWC(liquid water content) and MVD(median volume diameter) increases the ice cover mass linearly, and the ice cover mass increases by about 0.236 kg·s/m, 8.529 kg·m~3/g and 0.512 kg/μm, respectively. Reducing ambient temperature, increasing incoming flow velocity and LWC increase the ice-covered area of blades, while increasing MVD reduces the area of ice cover.

关 键 词：风力机叶片 环境因素 数值模拟 覆冰 

分 类 号：O242.1[理学—计算数学]