世变中的持守:徐世昌之学行与文化观考论  

Persistence in a Changing World:A Textual Research on Hsu Shih-chang’s Academic Activities and Cultural View

作　　者：朱曦林 ZHU Xilin(Institute of Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期147-156,共10页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国近代日记文献叙录、整理与研究”(项目编号:18ZDA259);国家社会科学基金青年项目“《清儒学案》与民国初年学术研究”(项目编号:19CZS046)。

摘　　要：徐世昌在民国政坛上享有“文治总统”之誉,他出身翰林,毕生致力于传统文化的倡导。其学初奉程朱为圭臬,而兼尊汉学;甲午以后,为挽救危亡,虽曾短暂参与维新,但武昌之行,受张之洞的感召,遂接受其“中体西用”之说;时至民国,在历经世变后,因觉“理学空虚,无补实际”,由研读颜李之书而服膺其学,并希望通过以颜李学为核心的“中学”倡导,“转移风气”“维系世道人心”。与此同时,欧战后中外学人反思西方文明的弊端,徐世昌亦参与其间,倡导“调和东西文明”“广播东方文明”,期以将中国文化推向世界。而《弢斋述学》作为徐世昌为数不多的独撰自述,不仅系统地反映了他的文化观,也体现出其调和东西文明的设想。Hsu Shih⁃chang(徐世昌)is renowned as a“President of Culture and Governance”in the political arena of the Republic of China(1912⁃1949).As a member of the Imperial Academy(翰林),he devoted his life to advocating traditional culture.At the beginning of his study,he took Cheng⁃Zhu Confucianism as the norm,while at the same time he venerated Sinology.After the Sino⁃Japanese War of 1894⁃1895,although he participated in the political reform of 1898 for a short time striving to save the Chinese nation when its very existence was at stake,he was inspired by Zhang Zhidong(张之洞)during his trip to Wuchang(武昌),and hence accepted his theory of“Chinese learning for the essence and Western learning for practical use.”By the time of the Republic of China,had experienced the changes of the world,he felt that“Neo⁃Confucianism was empty,and it didn’t help the reality.”Therefore,he studied and read intensively books by Yan Yuan(颜元1635⁃1704)and Li Gong(李塨1650⁃1733),and was deeply convinced of the Yan⁃Li School.He hoped to“change the ethos,”and“maintain the ways of the world and the heart of a human being”through advocating the Chinese learning represented by Yan⁃Li School.At the same time,after the European War(1914⁃1918),Chinese and foreign scholars reflected on the disadvantages of Western civilization.Hsu Shih⁃chang also took part in it,advocating“harmonizing Eastern and Western civilizations”and“disseminating Eastern civilizations,”hoping to bring Chinese culture to the world.As one of the few Hsu Shih⁃chang’s accounts in his own words,Tao Zhai Shu Xue(Learning Recounted in Tao Study《弢斋述学》)not only enunciates his cultural view,but also embodies his idea of harmonizing the Eastern and Western civilizations.

关 键 词：徐世昌 中体西用 《韬养斋日记》 《弢斋述学》 

分 类 号：K250.6[历史地理—历史学]