大型射电望远镜天线发展动态及机电耦合应用  

Development of large-aperture radio telescopes and applications of coupled structural-electromagnetic theory

作　　者：严粤飞 王从思[1] 李帅[1] 王文娟 段宝岩[1] 王娜[2] 许谦[2] 李琳[3] 孔德庆[4] 王海仁[5] YAN YueFei;WANG CongSi;LI Shuai;WANG WenJuan;DUAN BaoYan;WANG Na;XU Qian;LI Lin;KONG DeQing;WANG HaiRen(Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design,Ministry of Education,Xidian University,Xi’an 710071,China;Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China;School of Physics and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;National Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Purple Mountain Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学电子装备结构设计教育部重点实验室,西安710071 [2]中国科学院新疆天文台,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]新疆大学物理与技术学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [4]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100012 [5]中国科学院紫金山天文台,南京210023

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2022年第12期1-18,共18页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2021YFC2203600)资助项目。

摘　　要：射电天文望远镜作为射电天文学中不可或缺的仪器,其平稳运行至关重要.本文首先以引力波的发现、中子星的合并以及首张黑洞照片的拍摄等重大天文发现为切入点,介绍了射电望远镜在射电天文学中的重要性.同时,随着射电天文学步伐的前进,射电望远镜也需要朝着更大的口径和更高的指向精度方向发展,这也使得其中的机电耦合关系愈发紧密.解决射电望远镜的机电耦合问题,发展机电耦合技术也就成为大口径射电望远镜平稳高效运行的关键.为此,本文概述了近10年来已建成并投入使用的射电望远镜,以及在建和将建的射电望远镜的进展,指出了机电耦合技术在射电望远镜设计制造和观测运行中的重要作用.然后,系统性地总结了近年来机电耦合技术在射电望远镜中的发展和应用.最后,基于射电天文学的发展对大口径射电望远镜天线性能提出的苛刻要求,提出未来机电耦合的研究热点.The smooth operation of radio telescopes is essential in radio astronomy.This paper establishes the importance of radio telescopes via examples of the discovery of gravitational waves,the merger of neutron stars,and the first black hole photograph.As radio astronomy advances,radio telescopes require larger apertures and higher pointing accuracy,resulting in a closer structural-electromagnetic coupling.To solve the coupled structural-electromagnetic problem of radio telescopes,the development of a coupled structural-electromagnetic theory is key to the smooth and efficient operation of large-aperture radio telescopes.To this end,this paper describes the development of radio telescopes built and put into operation in the last decade,as well as those under construction and to be built,and emphasizes the importance of coupled structural-electromagnetic theory in the design,manufacture,and operation of radio telescopes.Then,the paper systematically summarizes the application of coupled structural-electromagnetic theory in radio telescopes.Finally,future research hotspots of electromechanical coupling are proposed based on the development of radio astronomy and the performance requirements of large-aperture radio telescope antennas.

关 键 词：射电望远镜 大口径 高指向精度 机电耦合 性能保障 

分 类 号：P111.44[天文地球—天文学]