青海湖国家级自然保护区两栖动物多样性及保护研究  

Diversity and Conservation of Amphibian in Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve

作　　者：张湑泽 彭飞 王海军 孙玉奇 侯业茂 Zhang Xuze;Peng Fei;Wang Haijun;Sun Yuqi;Hou Yemao(College of Eco-Environment and Resources,Qinghai Minzu University,Xining 810007,China;Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau of State Ethnic Affairs Commission,Qinghai Minzu University,Xining 810007,China)

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,西宁810007 [2]国家民委青藏高原资源化学与生态环境保护重点实验室,西宁810007

出　　处：《青海科技》2022年第6期31-37,共7页Qinghai Science and Technology

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金(2020-ZJ-965Q);青海民族大学研究阐释二十大精神专题课题(ESDYJ24);青海民族大学校级规划项目(2021XJXS22);青海民族大学校级教学改革研究项目(2021-JYYB-014);生态环境部生物多样性保护专项。

摘　　要：两栖动物是环境变化的重要指示物种。为了解青海湖国家级自然保护区两栖动物物种多样性,2018年6月和8月在青海湖周边选取高寒灌丛、高寒湿地、高寒草地三种生境,设置12条样线开展两栖动物监测。结果显示,青海湖地区两栖动物主要为花背蟾蜍(Strauchbufo raddei)和高原林蛙(Rana kukunoris),不同生境中两栖动物物种组成相同。青海湖地区分布的两栖动物中,6月的优势物种是高原林蛙,8月的优势物种是花背蟾蜍,不同样线观测到的物种数和个体数略有差异;不同月份的物种丰富度、Pielou均匀度指数和香农-威纳指数均无显著差异,与生境类型无显著相关性。总体来说,在高原人为干扰较弱环境下,两栖动物种类和数量分布较均匀,青海湖样区的两栖动物物种数和个体数稳定,目前受保护状况较好。研究基本掌握了青海湖地区两栖动物物种数量及分布规律,对两栖动物保护和管理提出建议,可为本地区高原两栖动物种群动态与生境适应规律研究提供数据参考。Amphibians are important indicator species of environmental changes. In order to understand the diversity of amphibians in Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve, three habitats including alpine shrubs, alpine wetlands and alpine grasslands were selected around Qinghai Lake in June and August 2018, and 12 line transect were set up to carry out amphibian monitoring. The results showed that the amphibians in Qinghai Lake were mainly toads(Strauchbufo raddei) and plateau frogs(Rana kukunoris). The species composition and population numbers of amphibians were basically the same in different habitats. The analysis of spatiotemporal pattern showed that among the amphibian in this area, the dominant species in June was the R. kukunoris. the dominant species in August was S. raddei, the number of species or individuals observed on different translines was slightly different. There was no significant difference in species richness, Pielou evenness index and Shannon-Weiner index in different months. There was also no significant correlation with habitat type. In general, the species and individuals of the amphibian in the Qinghai Lake were stable and well protected at present. In the environment with low human disturbance on the plateau, the species and number of amphibian were relatively evenly distributed. This observation has basically grasped the number of amphibian species and their temporal and spatial patterns in the Qinghai Lake, and made recommendations for the protection and management of amphibian, which can provide data references for the study of the dynamics of amphibian populations and habitat adaptation laws in this region.

关 键 词：青海湖国家级自然保护区 高原林蛙 花背蟾蜍 物种多样性 两栖动物 

分 类 号：Q958.11[生物学—动物学] Q959.5