英国高校学生权利救济机制的体系建构及其启示  

The system construction of the relief mechanism for the rights of British college students and its enlightenment

作　　者：姚荣 邱兰欢 YAO Rong;QIU Lanhuan(Institute of Higher Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《高校教育管理》2023年第1期69-82,共14页Journal of Higher Education Management

基　　金：上海市教育法学人才培养计划项目(2022JYFXR056)。

摘　　要：传统上,英国高校与学生法律关系的调整受代替父母理论的束缚。20世纪80年代末以来,借由国家立法、政府监管、司法监督等多重规制途径的影响,由视察员主导的封闭的高校学生权利救济格局被打破,形塑了以消费者权利保障以及人权保护与反歧视为核心的高校学生权利救济的规制空间,学生申诉与上诉、独立裁决者办公室、司法诉讼等多元学生权利救济机制逐步建立健全。在适用学术遵从原则与穷尽内部救济机制的前提下,基于自治与法治的理性区分与价值平衡,促进校内救济机制、外部非诉救济机制与司法救济机制的有机衔接与优势互补,构成英国高校学生权利救济体系建构的基本规律与演进逻辑。我国亟待明晰和区分各类高校学生权利救济机制的管辖权范围与功能,充分发挥非诉纠纷解决机制的特殊作用与缓冲功能,建立高校内部救济与外部救济途径的有效衔接机制。Traditionally, the regulation of the legal relationship between higher education institutions and students in the UK has been bound by the doctrine of in loco parentis. Since the late 1980s, through the influence of multiple regulatory channels such as legislation, government regulation and judicial supervision, the closed pattern of student rights remedies in higher education dominated by Visitor has been broken, which shaped the regulatory space for student rights remedies in higher education, with consumer rights protection and human rights protection and anti-discrimination as the core. A variety of mechanisms for redressing student rights, including student complaints and appeals, OIA and judicial proceedings, have been established. On the premise of applying the principle of academic deference and exhausting internal remedies, the rational distinction and value balance between autonomy and rule of law, and the promotion of the articulation and complementarity between internal remedies, external non-litigation remedies and judicial remedies constitute the basic rules and evolutionary logic of the construction of the system of student rights remedies in UK higher education institutions. Drawing on the experience of the UK, we urgently needs to clarify and distinguish the jurisdiction scope and function of various higher education institution student rights relief mechanisms, give full play to the special role and buffer function of the non-litigation dispute resolution mechanism, establish an effective linkage mechanism between the internal relief and external relief channels of colleges and universities.

关 键 词：大学自治 教育法治 权利救济机制 学生权利 学术遵从 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]