双峰驼乳营养成分测定与特征分析  

Determination and analysis of characteristics of nutritional composition in Bactrian camel milk

作　　者：刘雨佳 叶乐 鲍志英 王越男[1] 郭军[1] LIU Yujia;YE Le;BAO Zhiying;WANG Yuenan;GUO Jun(College of Food Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co.Ltd.,Hohhot 010110,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学食品科学与工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古伊利实业集团股份有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010110

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2023年第2期251-256,共6页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(31760489)。

摘　　要：双峰驼乳营养丰富,具有一定的保健功能和药用价值,但营养成分缺乏系统的检测和评价。从内蒙古呼伦贝尔市鄂温克旗、阿拉善左旗和乌海采集双峰驼乳155头份,同时作为相伴研究采集内蒙古荷斯坦牛乳101头份、萨能山羊乳34头份,采用国标法测定5种常规营养素、脂肪酸、氨基酸和矿物质,并进行描述性统计和主成分分析。结果表明,每个营养素组都可使3种家畜乳在三维空间以物种聚类,说明营养素都有物种特征,也提示营养素组可用于乳的物种真实性判别。双峰驼乳蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、水分和灰分含量分别为(3.60±0.98)、(4.90±1.74)、(4.98±0.64)、(85.55±2.66)、(0.85±0.10)g/100g,其中脂肪、乳糖和灰分含量均显著高于萨能山羊乳和荷斯坦牛乳(P<0.05);双峰驼乳C15∶0、C16∶1、C18∶0、C18∶3n3显著高于萨能山羊乳和荷斯坦牛乳(P<0.05);双峰驼乳必需氨基酸Met、Ile和非必需氨基酸Asp、Pro、Tyr、Arg均显著高于荷斯坦牛乳和萨能山羊乳(P<0.05);Ca、Zn、I等矿物质含量均显著高于荷斯坦牛乳(P<0.05)。该研究获得了参考价值较高的双峰驼乳营养成分统计数据。Bactrian camel milk is rich in nutrition and has certain healthy functions and remedy effects,however,its composition lacks systematic determination and evaluation.A total of 155 Bactriancamel milk samples were collected from Evenk Banner of Hulun Buir,Alxa Left Banner,and Wuhai in Inner Mongolia,and 101 Holstein milk and 34 Sannon goat milk were collected for comparative studies.Four nutrient groups,such as routine nutrients,fatty acids,amino acids,and minerals were determined by national standard methods,descriptive statistics,and principal component analysis.As result,each nutrientgroup could cluster the three kinds of milk samples by species in the three-dimensional space,meaningthat all nutrients of milk had species peculiarity and implying that it was feasible to discriminate species authenticity of milk by the nutrient group.The contents of protein,fat,lactose,moisture,and ash ofBactriancamel milk were(3.60±0.98),(4.90±1.74),(4.98±0.64),(85.55±2.66),and(0.85±0.10)g/100g respectively.The contents of fat,lactose,and ashof Bactrian camel milk were significantly higher than those of Sannon goat and Holstein milk(P<0.05).C15∶0,C16∶1,C18∶0 and C18∶3n3 of Bactriancamel milk were significantly higher than those of Sannon goat and Holstein milk(P<0.05).The contents of essential amino acids Met and Ile,and non-essential amino acids Asp,Pro,Tyr,and Arg in Bactrian camel milk were significantly higher than those in Holstein and Sannon goat milk(P<0.05).The contents of Ca,Zn,and I of Bactrian camel milk were significantly higher than those of Holstein milk(P<0.05).The study obtained highlyreferable statistical parameters of the composition of Bactriancamel milk.

关 键 词：双峰驼乳 常规营养素 脂肪酸 氨基酸 矿物质 

分 类 号：TS252.7[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]