2018—2021年天津市市售螃蟹中四种重金属污染状况及评价  

Pollution evaluation of four heavy metals in crabs sold in Tianjin from 2018—2021

作　　者：罗莎 赵帅[1] 高春海 纪艳[1] 马洁[1] LUO Sha;ZHAO Shuai;GAO Chun-hai;JI Yan;MA Jie(Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300011,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心,天津300011

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第22期4090-4093,4105,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解天津市市售螃蟹中重金属污染水平及其在螃蟹体内分布,为水产品的重金属污染防控提供依据。方法根据《国家食品污染物及有害因素风险监测工作手册》要求,在天津市范围内采用随用机抽样方法,采集市售代表性螃蟹样品275份。按照国家标准检测方法对其中的铅、镉、汞、砷含量进行检测,并采用单因子污染评价指数法评价污染程度。结果275份螃蟹样品中四种重金属元素总体含量水平依次为镉(0.058 mg/kg)、铅(0.056 mg/kg)、无机砷(0.027mg/kg)、甲基汞(0.019 mg/kg)。四种元素中镉超标率最高(49.09%),无机砷次之(4.29%),铅最低(0.48%);海水蟹中镉、无机砷超标率(75.71%、7.48%)高于淡水蟹(22.66%、0.97%);蟹黄/蟹膏中镉超标率(46.91%)高于胸肌(8.36%)、腿肌(3.27%)。单因子污染指数评价结果显示,海水蟹蟹黄/蟹膏中镉处于重度污染水平(P_(i)=5.12),胸肌中镉(P_(i)=0.25)及蟹黄/蟹膏中无机砷(P_(i)=0.22)处于轻度污染水平;淡水蟹蟹黄/蟹膏中镉(P_(i)=0.44)处于轻度污染水平。结论天津市市售螃蟹中铅、镉、甲基汞、无机砷均存在不同程度的污染,镉、无机砷污染较为严重,建议加强监管并引导居民合理膳食。Objective To understand the pollution levels and distribution of heavy metals in crabs sold in Tianjin,and provide the basis for prevention and control of heavy metals pollution in aquatic products.Methods In accordance with the requirements of the national food contaminants and harmful factors risk monitoring manual,275 representative crab samples were collected by random machine sampling.The contents of lead,cadmium,mercury,and arsenic were detected according to the national standard detection method,and the pollution degree was evaluated by the single factor pollution evaluation index.Results The total contents level of top four heavy metals in 275 samples were cadmium(0.058 mg/kg),lead(0.056 mg/kg),inorganic arsenic(0.027 mg/kg),and methylmercury(0.019 mg/kg).Among the four elements,the exceeding rate of cadmium was the highest(49.09%),followed by the inorganic arsenic(4.29%)and the lead as the lowest(0.48%).The exceeding rate of cadmium and inorganic arsenic in sea crabs(75.71%and 0.97%)were higher than that of river crabs(22.66%,0.97%).The exceeding rate of cadmium in the crab roe/crab paste(46.91%)was higher than that of chest muscle(8.36%)and that of leg muscle(3.27%).The evaluation results of single factor pollution index showed that the cadmium of roe/crab paste in sea crabs were at severe pollution level(P_(i)=5.12).The cadmium of chest muscle(P_(i)=0.25),inorganic arsenic of crab roe/crab paste(P_(i)=0.22)in sea crabs,and the cadmium of crab roe/crab paste in river crabs(P_(i)=0.44)were at mild pollution levels.Conclusion There are contaminations with lead,cadmium,methylmercury,and inorganic arsenic to varying degrees in crabs sold in Tianjin,and cadmium and inorganic arsenic are more serious.It is suggested to strengthen supervision and guide residents to keep a rational diet.

关 键 词：天津市 螃蟹 重金属 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]