减少酒精有害使用防控措施可及性评估  

Evaluation on accessibility to the intervention measures regarding prevention and control of alcohol harmful use

作　　者：吉宁[1] 徐晓慧 刘世炜[3] 徐婷玲 杨静[1] 周脉耕[1] 董文兰[1] 张岩波[4] JI Ning;XU Xiao-hui;LIU Shi-wei;XU Ting-ling;YANG Jing;ZHOU Mai-geng;DONG Wen-lan;ZHANG Yan-bo(不详;National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心,北京100050 [2]山东省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病防制所 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心控烟办公室 [4]山西医科大学重大疾病风险评估山西省重点实验室,山西太原030001

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第22期4126-4131,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1315304)。

摘　　要：目的评估我国减少酒精有害使用防控措施的可及性,为防控决策提供参考。方法对488个国家慢性病综合防控示范区进行调查,具体措施库依据世界卫生组织推荐的措施构建。采用验证性因子分析和重要性-绩效分析,对我国减少酒精有害使用防控措施的可及性进行综合评估。结果减少酒精有害使用措施可及性得分范围为(59.42~79.33)分,均值为66.55分,得分最高的措施为血液酒精浓度界限设定(79.33分),其次为酒驾对策(75.94分),得分最低的两项分别为禁止或限制价格促销(61.44分)和限制公共场所饮酒(59.42分)。验证性因子分析结果显示,对减少酒精有害使用干预措施总体可及性影响最大的措施为加强酒精饮品的消费税,其次为禁止或限制价格促销。重要性-绩效分析显示,20项具体干预措施中,血液酒精浓度界限设定、最小法定年龄、许可证制度、酒驾对策、(酒驾)其他措施、筛查和简短干预6项措施位于“区域1最高优先级”,综合性服务1项位于“区域2优先改进级”,其余13项措施位于“区域4最低优先级”。结论我国目前减少酒精有害使用防控措施的可及性不高,相对较好的主要为策略“加强对酒精供应的限制”下的干预措施,例如许可证制度;和策略“推进和实施酒后驾驶对策”下的干预措施,例如血液酒精浓度界限设定;应优先考虑改善筛查和简短干预及相关综合性服务的可及性。Objective To evaluate the accessibility to intervention measures for reducing harmful use of alcohol in China to provide reference for decision-making.Methods A total of 488 national demonstration areas for noncommunicable disease control and prevention were surveyed.Confirmatory factor analysis and importance performance analysis were used to assess the accessibility of interventions targeting alcohol use.Results The accessibility score of intervention measures to reduce harmful use of alcohol ranged from 59.42 to 79.33 points,with an average of 66.55 points.The measure with the highest score was the blood-alcohol concentration limits(79.33),followed by the drink-driving policies(75.94).The two category measures with the lowest scores were banning or limiting price promotions(61.44 points)and restricting the use of alcohol in public places(59.42 points).Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that increasing excise taxes on alcoholic beverages,followed by banning or restricting price promotions,had the greatest impact on the overall accessibility of intervention mea-sures to reduce harmful use of alcohol.Importance performance analysis showed that among the availability of 20 specific intervention measures,six measures including blood-alcohol concentration limits,legal minimum age,licensing systems,driv-ing under the influence(DUI)polices,other DUI-related countermeasures,and screening and brief interventions were in the zone 1“highest priority zone”,integrated service was in zone 2“priority improvement zone”,and the remaining 13 measures were in zone 4“lowest priority zone”.Conclusion The accessibility of intervention measures to counter harmful use of alcohol are limited in China.Measures focused on alcohol availability such as licensing system and measures focused on DUI such as blood-alcohol concentration limits are relatively good in terms of accessibility.Priority should be given to improving access to screening and brief interventions and integrated comprehensive services.

关 键 词：酒精有害使用 措施 可及性 验证性因子分析 重要性-绩效分析 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]