药用大麻活性成分、产品开发及育种研究进展  

Active Ingredients,Product Development and Breeding of Medicinal Cannabis:A Review

作　　者：于宛彤 侯康鑫 苏新堯 薛强 王彩霞[2] 刘金龙[1] YU Wantong;HOU Kangxin;SU Xinyao;XUE Qiang;WANG Caixia;LIU Jinlong(College of Food Scienceand Biology,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学食品与生物学院,石家庄050018 [2]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2023年第3期213-222,共10页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1906601,2019YFC1906603);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ13-YQ-040,ZZ14-YQ-031)。

摘　　要：大麻是一种传统的经济作物,有着数千年的使用历史,可作药用,也可用于食品和纺织领域。随着药用活性成分的研究深入,大麻引起了国内外医药界广泛关注。目前全球已有55个国家将医用大麻合法化,我国云南和黑龙江两省可以合法种植和加工工业大麻。但工业大麻的大麻二酚(CBD)含量低,不利于后续开发与研究。笔者以陈士林团队定义的药用大麻[四氢大麻酚(THC)质量分数<0.3%,CBD含量高,主要用于提取CBD的大麻]作为研究对象,从药用大麻的活性成分、CBD分离纯化技术、大麻素类相关产品开发与应用、育种方法4个方面展开综述。通过梳理,建议后续研究应重视挖掘CBD合成基因,通过基因编辑技术进化大麻的分子育种,开发绿色提取工艺,发现更多活性成分,并通过合成生物学与无细胞体系高产CBD,以期为药用大麻在国内的开发与应用提供参考。Cannabis is a traditional industrial crop that has been used for thousands of years for medicines,foods,and textiles.Due to its active components,cannabis has attracted extensive attention in the pharmaceutical industry at home and abroad.Currently,55 countries around the world have legalized medical marijuana,and two provinces in China,Yunnan and Heilongjiang,can legally cultivate and process industrial hemp.However,the low content of cannabidiol(CBD)in industrial hemp is not conducive to subsequent development and research.Based on this,the author took medicinal cannabis,defined by CHEN Shilin′s team as tetrahydrocannabinol(THC)content<0.3%and high CBD content,as the research object,and reviewed four aspects of the active ingredients of medicinal cannabis,the isolation and purification technology of CBD,the development and application of cannabinoid-related products and the breeding methods of medicinal cannabis.Through combing,it is suggested that subsequent research should focus on excavation of genes of CBD synthesis,molecular breeding of evolutionary cannabis by gene editing technology,development of green extraction process,discovery of more active ingredients,and high yield of CBD through synthetic biology and cell-free system,with a view to provide reference for the development and application of medicinal cannabis in China.

关 键 词：药用大麻 大麻素 大麻二酚(CBD) 四氢大麻酚(THC) 分离纯化 产品开发 植物育种 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R931[医药卫生—中医学] R28[文化科学—情报学] G353.11