《民法典》第985条(不当得利)诉讼评注  

Litigation Annotation on Civil Code Article 985(Unjust Enrichment)

作　　者：许可[1] XU Ke(University of International Relations,Beijing,100091)

机构地区：[1]国际关系学院

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2023年第1期106-117,共12页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：2018年国家社会科学基金重大项目“民事司法智能化设计的理论方案研究”(项目号:18ZDA142)的阶段性成果;清华大学自主科研计划资助。

摘　　要：不当得利请求权的诉讼实施需要实体和程序的密切协同,是实体规范向裁判规范转化的典型例证。在不当得利返还请求权与其他权利产生竞合时,须根据竞合类型配置不同实施路径,特别是科学利用诉之合并制度。民事法律理论界和实务界已针对“没有法律根据”积累了较为丰富的类型化成果,其诉讼实施则须在此基础上进一步划定不当得利纠纷中复数之诉讼标的。“没有法律根据”系不当得利请求权的本质性、原则性构成要件,与其对应的案件事实由受损人负担主张/证明责任。“得利人善意”应作为不当得利请求权的消灭要件,对应的要件事实由得利人负担主张/证明责任。“得利人恶意”应作为得利人损害赔偿请求权的成立要件,其要件事实由受损人负担主张/证明责任。The implementation of the claim for restitution of unjust enrichment requires close coordination between substantive law and procedural law, which can serve as a typical example of the transformation from substantive provision to the norm of decisions. When the claim for restitution of unjust enrichment is combined with other rights of claims, different implementation paths must be configured in accordance with the types of concurrence, and the scientific use of the joinder of actions is of particular importance. Since substantive procedure theorists and judicial practitioners have accumulated rich typological achievements with regard to the claim of “no legal basis”, litigation implementation must build on that basis, and further define the plural objects of litigation in unjust enrichment disputes. “No legal basis” is the essential and principled constitutive element in the claim for restitution of unjust enrichment, and the victim shall bear the burden of claim/proof of the corresponding case facts. As “beneficiary’s goodwill” should be regarded as the elimination element of the claim for unjust enrichment, the beneficiaries should bear the burden of the claim and proof of corresponding ultimate facts. Conversely, as the “beneficiary’s malicious intention” should be regarded as an important element for the establishment of the right of claim for damages on the part of the victim, the victim should bear the burden of claim and proof of corresponding facts.

关 键 词：民法典 不当得利 没有法律根据 诉之合并 诉讼标的 主张/证明责任 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]