行为风险自由度安全约束模型研究及应用  

Research and application of safety constraint model of behavioral risk degree of freedom

作　　者：李文昌 和庆法[1] 李昊 周爱桃[3] 罗云[4] 刘振江 LI Wenchang;HE Qingfa;LI Hao;ZHOU Aitao;LUO Yun;LIU Zhenjiang(Jizhong Energy Group,Xingtai Hebei 054021,China;Research Institute of Mine Big Data,China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100022,China;School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Engineering and Tecnology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]冀中能源集团,河北邢台054021 [2]中国煤炭科工集团矿山大数据研究院,北京100083 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京100083 [4]中国地质大学(北京)工程技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2022年第12期1-9,共9页China Safety Science Journal

摘　　要：为降低人为事故发生率,结合行为科学理论和机械运动自由度约束原理,提出人的行为风险自由度概念,建立风险自由度的安全约束模型,其核心是用适当的安全约束要素和安全约束机制,随机约束人的风险自由度,使人的风险行为受到全过程、全方位的安全限制、安全警觉和安全提醒,消除人的随机安全风险,避免人因事故。以煤矿企业的操作者和管理者为例,基于安全保护层理论,构建以时间和空间为保护层的动态化风险约束机制,并且建立安全约束保障制度和措施,保证其有效实施。结果表明:在煤矿生产、作业、管理活动中,采用定制的具有随机安全约束功能的安全约束要素,实施定位、定时、定量化的动态约束煤矿人员的风险自由度,能够使人的风险行为受到全过程、全方位的安全限制、安全警觉和安全提醒,从而及时、随机、超前防范人的不安全行为和管理上的缺陷,有效避免人因事故。In order to reduce the incidence of man-made accidents,combined with the theory of behaviour science and the constraint principle of mechanical movement degree of freedom,the concept of human behaviour risk degree of freedom was put forward and the safety constraint model of risk degree of freedom was established.The core of this model was to randomly constrain human risk degree of freedom with appropriate safety constraint elements and safety constraint mechanism,so that human risky behaviors were subject to the whole process and all-round safety restrictions,safety vigilance and safety reminders,so as to eliminate human random safety risks and avoid human accidents.Taking the operators and managers of coal mine enterprises as an example,based on the theory of work safety layer,a dynamic risk constraint mechanism with time and space as the protection layer was constructed,and a safety constraint guarantee system and measures were established to ensure its effective implementation.The results show that in the production,operation and management activities of coal mine,the use of customized safety constraint elements with random safety constraint function,and the implementation of positioning,timing and quantitavie dynamic constraints on the risk freedom of coal mine personnel can make people's risk behaviors subject to the whole process and all-around safety restriction,safety vigilance and safety reminder,so as to prevent people's unsafe behavior and management defects in a timely,random and advanced manner,and effectively avoid human accidents.

关 键 词：风险自由度 安全约束 安全生产 不安全行为 约束要素定制 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]