基于DNA条形码技术的珠江口春季鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成和分布特征的研究  

Species composition and distribution characteristic of fish eggs and larvae based on DNA barcoding technology of the Zhujiang River Estuary in spring

作　　者：孔啸兰[1] 张帅[1] 陈作志[1,2] 林昭进 蒋佩文[1] 江艳娥 Kong Xiaolan;Zhang Shuai;Chen Zuozhi;Lin Zhaojin;Jiang Peiwen;Jiang Yan’e(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Open-sea Fishery,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,South China Sea Fisheries Re-search Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Science,Guangzhou 510300,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所农业农村部外海渔业可持续利用重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州511458

出　　处：《海洋学报》2023年第3期52-65,共14页

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B1111030001);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0605);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2020TD05)。

摘　　要：采用线粒体COⅠ和12S rRNA基因片段作为DNA条形码,分析珠江口春季鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成和分布特征,并探究两种条形码在鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类鉴定中的适用性。研究共扩增样本391个,成功鉴定的鱼卵和仔稚鱼共7目25科42属60种(2种未鉴定到种)。其中,以鲈形目(Perciformes)种类和数量最多,种类数占比为51.6%,数量占比为47.91%;其次为鲱形目(Clupeiformes),种类数占比为25%,数量占比为34.56%。优势种10种,其中凤鲚(Coilia mystus)优势度最高,为0.071;棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)最低,为0.014。COⅠ和12S rRNA基因片段扩增结果显示,鱼卵和仔稚鱼12S rRNA基因片段扩增成功率(95.60%)明显高于COⅠ基因(43.22%)。遗传距离和ABGD分析显示,COⅠ基因种内遗传距离为0~0.005(平均0.003),种间遗传距离为0.061~0.376(平均0.253),两者间存在明显的“条形码间隙”,ABGD划分结果与数据库比对结果一致;12S r RNA基因种内遗传距离为0~0.011(平均0.007),种间遗传距离为0.007~0.487(平均0.283),龟(Chelon haematocheila)和前鳞龟(Chelon affinis)种间遗传距离与种内遗传距离不形成“条形码间隙”,ABGD将其划分为同一种。系统发育分析显示,在种的分类阶元,所有物种均能聚为独立分支,得到有效区分。综上,线粒体COⅠ和12S rRNA条形码可有效鉴定珠江口大多数鱼卵和仔稚鱼,但是COⅠ基因扩增成功率较低,12S rRNA基因部分近缘物种存在区分困难的情况,两种基因结合使用更能提高鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类鉴定的成功率和准确性。In order to improve the success rate and accuracy of species identification of fish eggs and larvae,fish eggs and larvae samples collected from the Zhujiang River Estuary in spring were identified by DNA barcoding technology based on the mitochondrial COⅠand 12S rRNA genes.A total of 391 samples were amplified and 60species in 7 orders,25 families,42 genera were successfully identified(2 species were not identified).Among them,Perciformes had the most species and quantity accounting for 51.6% and 47.91% respectively,followed by Clupeiformes with 25% and 34.56% respectively.There were 10 dominant species,among which Coilia mystus had the highest dominance of 0.071,Collichthys lucidus had the lowest dominance of 0.014.The amplification results of COⅠand 12S rRNA gene fragments showed that the success rate of 12S rRNA gene amplification in eggs and larvae(95.60%) was significantly higher than that of COⅠgene(43.22%).Genetic distance and ABGD analysis showed that the intraspecies genetic distance of COⅠ gene was 0-0.005(average was 0.003),and the interspecific genetic distance was 0.061-0.376(average was 0.253),and there was an obvious “barcode gap” between them.The intraspecific genetic distance of 12S rRNA gene was 0-0.011(average was 0.007),and the interspecific genetic distance was 0.007-0.487(average was 0.283).which do not form a “barcode gap” between the interspecific and intraspecies genetic distances.The Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on COⅠ and 12S rRNA genes showed that all species could be clustered into independent branches and can be effectively distinguished.The above results show that both COⅠ gene and 12S rRNA gene can be used for the identification of most fish eggs and larvae,but the success rate of COⅠ gene amplification is low,and it is difficult to distinguish some closely related species of 12S rRNA gene.The combined use of the two genes can improve the success rate and accuracy of species identification of fish eggs and larvae.

关 键 词：COⅠ基因 12S rRNA基因 鱼卵和仔稚鱼 DNA条形码 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]