小麦温光敏雄性核不育系的柱头活力研究  

Stigma vigor of thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile lines for wheat

作　　者：李宏生[1] 李绍祥[1] 杨忠慧 刘琨[1] 赵红[1] 杨木军[1] LI Hong-sheng;LI Shao-xiang;YANG Zhong-hui;LIU Kun;ZHAO Hong;YANG Mu-jun(Institute Food and Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第11期2492-2496,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960425);云南省财政部门预算重大专项-粮食安全种业支撑专项(530000210000000013809);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101603)。

摘　　要：【目的】旨在明确小麦不育系柱头活力的变化规律,为杂交小麦高产制种提供理论参考。【方法】以4个小麦温光敏核不育系为研究材料,第1朵小花开颖进行套袋并连续21 d饱和授粉,通过调查研究杂交结实率探讨4个小麦不育系柱头活力的差异。【结果】4个小麦不育系柱头活力存在显著差异(P<0.05),柱头活力从高到低依次为K456S>K64S>K78S>K43S,K64S和K456S柱头活力开颖后第5天达到峰值,而K78S和K43S开颖后第3天达到峰值。4个不育系柱头活力持续时间无显著差异,都可达15 d,但高柱头活力(结实率>80%)的持续时间存在明显差异,K78S(9 d)>K64S(7 d)>K456S(5 d)>K43S(3 d)。K64S柱头活力在大田环境下显著高于温室,最高杂交结实率提高17.58%,平均杂交结实率提高13.83%;2种环境下柱头活力持续时间无差异,均为17 d,但高柱头活力持续时间大田环境下比温室长2 d,为9 d。【结论】4个不育系都有较高的杂交结实率,但达到最高杂交结实率的授粉时间不同,高柱头活力持续时间也存在显著差异(P<0.05),说明不同不育系其柱头活力变化规律存在差异。开花期适宜的温度、湿度环境有利于提高不育系最高杂交结实率(柱头活力)和高柱头活力持续时间,进而提高制种的结实率和产量。【Objective】The present paper aimed to clarify the variation of stigma vigor of thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile(TPSGMS)lines and provide theoretical reference for hybrid seed production in wheat.【Method】Four thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile(TPSGMS)lines were used as material.The glume of the first floret blossoming was bagged and pollinated,and saturation pollination lasted for 21 days.The difference of stigma vigor of the above four TPGMS lines was evaluated based on seed setting rate of hybridization(SSRH).【Result】There were significant differences(P<0.05)in stigma vigor among the four TPSGMS lines.The average of stigma vigor of four TPSGMS lines was the largest in K456S,followed by K64S,K78S and K43S.The stigma vigor of K64S and K456S reached the peak on the 5th day after glume-opening,while that of K78S and K43S reached the peak on the 3rd day after glume-opening.There was no significant difference in the duration of stigma vigor among four TPSGMS lines,which could last for 15 days.But there was significant difference in the duration of high stigma vigor(SSRH>80%),the result was K78S(9 days)>K64S(7 days)>K456S(5 days)>K43S(3 days).The stigma vigor of K64S in the field was significantly higher than that in the greenhouse.The increase of the highest SSRH was 17.58%,and the increase of the average SSRH was 13.83%.There was no difference in the duration of stigma vigor between two conditions,which was 17 days.The duration of high stigma vigor in the field was longer,about 2 days more than in the greenhouse,which was 9 days.【Conclusion】Four TPSGMS lines showed high SSRH,but the time it took to reach the highest SSRH were different,and there were significant differences in the duration of high stigma vigor,indicating that there were differences in the variation law of stigma vigor of different TPSGMS lines.Suitable temperature and humidity would help to improve the SSRH and duration of high stigma vigor,and further increase the seed setting rate of TPSGMS lines and the yield of hyb

关 键 词：温光敏雄性核不育系 两系杂交小麦 柱头活力 杂交结实率 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]