基于大型无脊椎动物群落多样性的张家界野生大鲵生境质量评价  

Habitat quality assessment of the Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus)in Zhangjiajie based on community diversity of macroinvertebrates

作　　者：高峰[1,2] 向劲 谢宜兴[3] 邓智勇 陈家法 谢玉坤 欧东升 王崇瑞 GAO Feng;XIANG Jin;XIE Yi-xing;DENG Zhi-yong;CHEN Jia-fa;XIE Yu-kun;OU Dong-sheng;WANG Chong-rui(Hunan Fisheries Science Institute,Changsha 410153,China;Aquatic Products Seed Stock Station in Hunan Province,Changsha 410153,China;Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander National Natural Reserve Affires Center,Zhangjiajie 427400,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省水产科学研究所,长沙410153 [2]湖南省水产原种场,长沙410153 [3]湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区事务中心,湖南张家界427400

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2023年第1期102-112,共11页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室开放课题(LFBC1005)。

摘　　要：为评估野生大鲵生境质量,促进大鲵栖息地恢复和野生大鲵资源保护,于2020年8月对湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区内12个大鲵栖息地开展了大型无脊椎动物及环境因子调查。共采集到大型无脊椎动物85个分类单元,隶属5门8纲15目43科,其中以水生昆虫为绝对优势类群(占总物种数的88.2%);大型无脊椎动物群落丰度的变化范围为70.37~8122.2 ind/m^(2)(均值1301.8 ind/m^(2)),生物量范围为0.92~73.61 g/m^(2)(均值14.3 g/m^(2));ABC曲线分析结果显示,各调查点大型无脊椎动物丰度与生物量趋势存在较大差异;Pearson相关性分析结果显示高锰酸盐指数和氨氮是抑制大型无脊椎动物丰度和生物量的主要环境因素,而悬浮物浓度是影响敏感种优势度的关键因子。综合不同类型水生态健康评价结果,张家界大鲵栖息地生境整体良好,与2014年相比未发生明显恶化。位于游客集中的黄龙洞和八眼泉等地生境受影响程度整体较轻,主要表现为对高锰酸盐指数、氨氮及悬浮物浓度的干扰;位于非旅游区的骡子塔,由于采石挖沙,且防护措施不足,产生的高悬浮物浓度对大鲵生境造成较大的影响,其它调查点基本保持着原有的大鲵生境环境。A quality assessment on wild giant salamander habitat based on the method of combination of macroinvertebrates community and environmental factors was carried out in 12 giant salamander habitats in Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander National Nature Reserve of Hunan Province in August 2020 to promot the restoration of giant salamander habitat and protecting wild giant salamander resources.Altogether 85 macroinvertebrates taxa were identified,belonging to 43 families,15 orders,8 classes,and 5 phyla.Aquatic insects were the absolute dominant group(accounting for 88.2%of the total number of species)among all sampling sites.The abundance of macroinvertebrates varied from 70.37 to 8122.2 ind./m^(2)(mean value:1301.8 ind./m^(2)),and the biomass ranged from 0.92 to 73.61g/m^(2)(mean value:14.30 g/m^(2)).ABC curve analysis showed that the differences in abundance and biomass trends of macroinvertebrates at each site were significant.The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated that COD Mn and ammonia nitrogen(NH 3-N)were the main environmental factors influencing the abundance and biomass of macroinvertebrates,and suspended matter concentration(SS)was the key factor affecting the dominance of sensitive species.Based on the ecological health evaluation results using different approaches,the habitat of the giant salamander in Zhangjiajie was generally good and had not deteriorated significantly compared with 2014.The sites S5 and S7 hosting concentrated tourists were mainly affected by(COD Mn),NH 3-N and suspension.The influence of rising SS was relatively slight.For the sites(e.g.,S11)in the non-tourism area,the extensive quarrying and sand mining activities and insufficient protective measures caused a high level of suspended solids concentration,severely impacting the local giant salamander habitat.In other survey sites,the native habitats of giant salamanders were basically maintained,so the function loss of the habitat should be attributed to reproductive population loss.Supplementary of adult individuals and habita

关 键 词：大鲵生境 大型无脊椎动物 环境因子 冗余分析 生境质量评价 

分 类 号：S932.8[农业科学—渔业资源]