晚清常州赵起约园复原及山水营造探析  

Restoration and Landscape Construction of Zhao Qi’s Yue Garden in Changzhou in Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：何思娴 薛晓飞[1] HE Sixian;XUE Xiaofei(the School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2023年第1期126-134,共9页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“基于多重证据法的湮废园林复原方法及其评价体系研究——以明代止园为例”(编号52008302)。

摘　　要：【目的】约园是常州现存清代私家园林中面积最大者,今仅山水格局保存较完整。当前针对约园的复原研究涵盖的时间范围跨度较大,且对其各时期园林景象的描述较为杂糅。【方法】基于对可获得史料的对比考证以及对现有研究成果的整合辨析,以首任园主赵起所居约园为研究对象,补充赵起亲友及其他约园亲历者的文章作为指导依据。【结果】细化讨论了约园构园初期的空间布局,探讨赵起约园复原方案的其他可能性。以此为基石,重点分析赵起约园的掇山置石与理水,总结山水方面的造园特点。赵起约园造园风格整体反映了清中后期江南造园的时代特色,园林空间呈现多组团、多视点的特点。作为功能复合的傍宅空间,约园同时满足了园主日常读书会友活动与追寻山水林泉之乐的需求。“岛山置水”的独特山水组织方式以及分离观赏的掇山与置石,受到晚明后“画意掇山”观念变迁的影响,兼顾了园林游观的动静体验。【结论】常州约园研究是对苏州、扬州等焦点江南城市以外晚清文人园林的山水范式与营园特色进行还原与分析的一次探索,丰富了对传统江南文人园林的共性与个性的认识,为晚清江南园林研究以及后续其他常州园林复原研究提供借鉴。[Objective]Yue Garden in Changzhou is the largest ancient private garden in Qing Dynasty that is still existing nowadays.Built and initially owned by Zhao Qi,the grandson of Zhao Yi,a preeminent scholar in Qing Dynasty,the garden was widely known during the reign of Emperors Daoguang and Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty.In 1860,Yue Garden was destroyed.It was later rebuilt by Zhao Qi’s descendants and has undergone several repairs and restorations in modern times.Thus,the present scenery in the garden is vastly different from what it was when Zhao Qi was still alive.The restoration of historical gardens is an important element of the historical and theoretical researches on gardens.Recent researches on Yue Garden have reviewed the evolution of the garden over a long time span and described its internal scenery during various periods.However,there still exists some gap in the research on Yue Garden.So far,most researches on the spatial layout of Yue Garden are conducted by local scholars in Changzhou.In some existing researches,the features of attractions in Yue Garden at different periods are mixed up,which is prone to mislead readers.In view of this,this research further excavates some firsthand historical materials.Moreover,according to relevant documents available in historical materials related to Yue Garden,those really valuable and credible are mostly concentrated between the Daoguang and Guangxu periods in Qing Dynasty.[Methods]This research further narrows the time frame for the elaboration of scenery in Yue Garden,with a view to filling the gap in the research on Yue Garden and providing a basis for the conservation and display of the garden.Moreover,this research serves as an exploration of the landscape paradigm and gardening characteristics of literati gardens outside focal Jiangnan cities such as Suzhou and Yangzhou in the late Qing Dynasty.Taking Zhao Qi’s Yue Garden rather than Zhao family’s Yue Garden during Qing Dynasty as research object,this research implements a comparative review of available h

关 键 词：风景园林 私家园林 常州园林 赵起约园 复原分析 山水布局 园林营造 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]