面向通感一体化网络能效优化的波束赋形方案  

A Energy Efficient Beamforming Scheme for Integrated Sensing and Communication Networks

作　　者：袁昕 刘向南 梁琰 张海君 YUAN Xin;LIU Xiangnan;LIANG Yan;ZHANG Haijun(School of Computer and Communication Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学计算机与通信工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《无线电通信技术》2023年第1期126-132,共7页Radio Communications Technology

基　　金：北京海淀联合基金(L212004);中国高校产学研创新基金(2021FNA05001)。

摘　　要：通信感知一体化是6G演进的主导趋势之一,其中的波束赋形技术能够灵活控制形成定向波束进行通信,同时获取环境信息,让通信和感知功能相互辅助。为提高阵列天线多目标波束赋形的准确度和能量效率,提出了一种考虑能效的基于克拉美罗下界(Cramer-Rao Lower Bound,CRLB)的波束赋形算法方案。在对信号进行建模和CRLB推导的基础上,以CRLB为目标函数,以满足用户接收信干噪比(Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio,SINR)、通信速率、发射功率以及能效要求为约束条件进行问题描述,进一步转化为凸优化问题,采用半正定规划方法求解预编码矩阵。通过仿真验证了该算法收敛,但为保证波束赋形成功,只适用于让能效高于某一固定值。通过仿真观察方向图和能效随SINR变化情况,验证了该波束赋形方案具有较高准确性、提高了能效。通过观察均方误差(Mean Square Error,MSE)随SINR的变化情况,验证了该方案牺牲了一定准确度来提高能效。Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC)is one of the leading trends of 6G evolution.The beamforming technology enables flexible control of the formation of directional beams for communication while acquiring environmental information to allow communication and sensing functions to assist each other.To improve the accuracy and energy efficiency of multi-target beamforming,an algorithm based on Cramer-Rao Lower Bound(CRLB)and energy efficiency optimization is proposed.Based on the modeling of the signal and the derivation of the CLRB,the CRLB is used as the objective function.And Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio(SINR),transmission power and energy efficiency are taken as constraints to describe the optimization problem.The problem is further transformed into a convex optimization form.And the precoding matrix is solved by semi-definite programming method.The convergence of the algorithm is verified by simulation.However,in order to ensure the success of beamforming,it is only applicable to make the energy efficiency higher than a fixed value.By observing the beam pattern and the change of energy efficiency with SINR through simulation,it is verified that the beamforming scheme has high accuracy and improves energy efficiency.By observing the change of Mean Square Error(MSE)with SINR through simulation respectively,it is verified that the scheme improvers energy efficiency at the expense of certain accuracy.

关 键 词：波束赋形 通感一体化 CRLB 能效优化 

分 类 号：TN929.5[电子电信—通信与信息系统]